Territory Review Texas was annexed in 1845 Mexican Cession was given to the US in 1848 from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 Oregon Country from extension of 49th Parallel- agreement with Britain 1850- California applies for statehood!

The Road to Secession 1846- 1861

United States, 1848

Compromise of 1850 Polk and others want to extend the Missouri Compromise Line to divide the Mexican Cession (Land won in the Mexican-American War) Sectionalism divided the nation and states enforced their rights by ignoring federal laws (Remember, sectionalism is an extreme loyalty to your own idea) Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser” proposes a plan called the Compromise of 1850.

Provisions of the Compromise of 1850 California enters Union as a free state. Rest of the Mexican Cession would be divided, and popular sovereignty would decide the slavery status Popular sovereignty – allowing the people to decide on issues Settled a border dispute between Texas and New Mexico End slave trade in the country’s capital Enforce a tougher fugitive slave law.

Kansas-Nebraska Act In 1853 the US pays $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase. 1854- Senator Stephen Douglas devised a plan to open the rest of the Louisiana Purchase to slavery. The Kansas-Nebraska Act divided the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories (Kansas and Nebraska Territory) and said that slavery would depend on popular sovereignty.

Bleeding Kansas Result of Kansas-Nebraska Act In 1855, there were more proslavery than antislavery settlers in the Kansas Territory. People from Missouri came and voted illegally filling the legislature with proslavery representatives Antislavery settlers rejected the elected government and decided to take arms against their brethren. John Brown led his men and killed his proslavery neighbors causing a civil war in Kansas.

Buddy Buzz Why do you think this event was called Bloody Kansas?

Violence in Congress Senator Sumner gave a speech against proslavery in Kansas Preston Brooks heard his speech and attacked Sumner. Brooks was cheered in the South. The North was shocked.

Graphic Organizer What to do: Fill out each section describing what each Compromise/Act did. Remember the 5 W’s and How Who devised it? What did it do? When did it happen? Where/What states were involved Why was it important? How do you think it affected the United States?

Dred Scott Decision 1857-US Supreme Court ruled that slaves are not citizens in the Dred Scott Decision. Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and you could not deprive someone of their property.

Buddy Buzz Imagine you were a Northerner during this time period and you just heard about the Dred Scott decision. What would your reaction be? Would you stand up for what you believed was right or let injustice continue to happen? Why?

Abolitionists John Brown Harriet Beecher Stowe

Abolitionists John Brown led a huge slave uprising called the Harpers Ferry Raid. He was captured and hanged! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1OFdpUsO8w Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin which informed the citizens of the US of the horrors of slavery

Photograph Analysis – John Brown

Analysis What images did you see in the first picture to make you believe that John Brown was a villain? What images did you see in the second picture to make you believe that John Brown was a patriot? What do you believe John Brown was? A patriot or villain? Why?

1860 Election Sectionalism had deeply divided political parties and 4 candidates ran for president. Southern political parties had 3 candidates. Abraham Lincoln was chosen to represent the Republican party (north) he believed slavery was wrong and would have to end sometime.

Lincoln’s Victory and Secession No candidate had a majority! Nov. 1860- Southern states had too many candidates, so Lincoln won with only 39.4% of the vote. Southerners were sure Lincoln would ban slavery. Dec. 1860- South Carolina delegates voted to secede from the Union

Confederate States of America By Feb. 1, 1861- South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had seceded! Feb. 4th- Created an independent nation called the Confederate States of America. Elected Jefferson Davis from Virginia as President. The Constitution did not allow or forbid secession, but Lincoln did not accept!