T11/23/10; M 11/30/09; W 12/3/08; W 12/12/07; W12/6/06; Th 12/8/05; F 12/17/04 H-F12/1-2/11 Sectionalism Heats Up: Bleeding Kansas & Buchanan’s Term (Ch. 14.3; pp )

I. Bleeding Kansas A. Extremists  MO move w/ guns  “Border Ruffians”  North move w/ “Beecher’s Bibles”  New England Emigrant Aid Co.  2K move from NE  Midwesterners move – Why?  anti-slavery for economic reasons (not abolitionists)

A. Extremists (cont.)  Sack of Lawrence  no deaths, but destroyed property (proslavery)  Pottawattomie Massacre  5 murdered – John Brown (antislavery)

B. Two Governments (cont.)  Lecompton Const. – proslavery – 1856  Pierce initially backed Lecompton  decision delayed until after Election of 1856  later accepted by Buchanan b/c of free soil boycott  Topeka Const. – antislavery – 1855  which gov’t is legitimate?

II. Brooks Attack on Sumner  Charles Sumner (R-MA) “Crimes Against KN”  denounces proslavery violence  mocks Andrew Butler (SC) – old, drooling  Rep. Preston Brooks (SC) attacks Sumner w/ cane  resigns but re-elected  new canes sent [“hit him again”]  Sumner out for 3-1/2 years – re-elected in absentia  symbolic of growing conflict  greater split along sectional lines

III. Ostend Manifesto (Oct. 1854)  attempt to purchase Cuba by U.S. diplomats  sugar plantations – lots of slaves  popular in S  leaked – discredited Pierce  appeared to be growing slaveocracy  [How to prevent sectionalism?]  [need leaders/laws to lessen sectional tensions]

IV. Election of 1856  Dems – Buchanan (PA) - little opinion on slavery  Reps – Frémont – “Free speech, free press… Frémont”  American (K-N) – Fillmore  2 races – Dem vs. K-N in S. - Dem vs. Rep in N.  Impact: 1. S might secede if Reps win 2. Dems need national (non-regional) candidates 3. Reps legitimate party

V. Dred Scott Decision  slave sues for freedom  Taney: cannot sue, not a citizen  no blacks were citizens (even free blacks)  Slaves = property – can take anywhere  Mo. Compromise – unconst.  Congress cannot ban slavery – Who can?  only states – not territories, not Congress  b/c 5 th Amend protects property  rejected pop. sov.  N – growing slaveocracy

VII. Lincoln-Douglas Debates  US Senate (IL) – 1858  series of 7 debates – national press  Lincoln - “House Divided”  Douglas & S: Lincoln as abolitionist  free soil, not abolitionist  Freeport Doctrine – traps Douglas  pop. sov. or Dred Scott?  Douglas – pop. sov.  S. will not vote for Douglas

VIII. Harper’s Ferry  federal arsenal  John Brown – abol. → slave revolt  huge failure  trial, death → martyr to abol.  split N. – free soilers distance from JB  renounce violence  S. – JB symbol of abol. & ALL of N  threaten secession, if antislavery Pres.

IX. Election of 1860 A. Candidates  Lincoln (Rep. – IL)  slavery: Free Soil in West, protect slavery in S  economic: protective tariff; internal improvements; homestead (imm.)  Douglas (Dem – IL)  pop. sov.  John Breckenridge (Dem – KY)  protect & spread slavery; Dred Scott  John Bell (Const Union – TN)  keep country together

B. Results  2 elections:  1. Lincoln vs. Douglas in N  2. Breckenridge vs. Bell in S  What happens when split in party?  Lincoln wins  [analogy to Hillary/Obama split in 2008]  [McCain would win – legitimate? ]  [Similar response by S in 1860]

C. Impact  SC & 6 Deep S secede  form CSA – Montgomery, AL  Jefferson Davis – Pres.  2 Q’s: 1. Lincoln’s Response 2. Upper South  Crittenden Amendment  rejected by Lincoln (36-30 line)  Lincoln would protect slavery in S

D. Civil War  Ft. Sumter  SC attacks – April 1861  Civil War begins  Lincoln raises troops – 75K  Upper S secedes (VA, NC, TN, AR)