Progressivism Under Taft & Wilson Ch. 18 Sec. 3

Taft’s Presidency Continued Roosevelt’s reforms Continued Roosevelt’s reforms Attacking trusts Attacking trusts Preserving public lands Preserving public lands Alienated Progressives Alienated Progressives Caused a crisis in the Republican Party Caused a crisis in the Republican Party

Taft & Tariffs Promised to lower tariffs in his campaign Promised to lower tariffs in his campaign Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law Signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law Lower than the previous tariff Lower than the previous tariff Still included highly protective measures Still included highly protective measures Progressives furious with Taft! Progressives furious with Taft!

Rift in the Republican Party Republican Progressives began to team up with Democrats to attack the “old guard” Republicans in the House Republican Progressives began to team up with Democrats to attack the “old guard” Republicans in the House By 1910 Republicans were split By 1910 Republicans were split In the 1910 elections, Theodore Roosevelt campaigned for Progressive candidates In the 1910 elections, Theodore Roosevelt campaigned for Progressive candidates

New Nationalism Theodore Roosevelt’s platform for the candidates he worked for in 1910 Theodore Roosevelt’s platform for the candidates he worked for in 1910 Business regulation Business regulation Welfare laws Welfare laws Workplace protection for women & children Workplace protection for women & children Income tax Income tax Inheritance tax Inheritance tax Voting reform Voting reform

Election of 1912 Taft (R) vs. Wilson (D) vs. Roosevelt (Bull Moose) vs. Debs (Labor) Taft (R) vs. Wilson (D) vs. Roosevelt (Bull Moose) vs. Debs (Labor) Bull Moose Party: Bull Moose Party: Tariff reduction Tariff reduction Women’s suffrage Women’s suffrage More regulation of business More regulation of business Child labor ban Child labor ban 8 hour work day 8 hour work day Direct election of senators Direct election of senators

Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson – “New Freedom” Woodrow Wilson – “New Freedom” Criticized big business & big government Criticized big business & big government Promised to enforce anti-trust laws without threatening economic competition Promised to enforce anti-trust laws without threatening economic competition Lower tariffs Lower tariffs Federal income tax Federal income tax

Results of the Election Roosevelt, former Republican, and Taft, current Republican, split that portion of the vote allowing Wilson to win easily Roosevelt, former Republican, and Taft, current Republican, split that portion of the vote allowing Wilson to win easily Wilson won 41% of the popular vote and nearly 82% of the electoral votes Wilson won 41% of the popular vote and nearly 82% of the electoral votes Democrats also took control of the House of Representatives and Senate in this election Democrats also took control of the House of Representatives and Senate in this election

Wilson as President Underwood Tariff, 1913 Underwood Tariff, 1913 Reduced avg. rate from 40% to 25% Reduced avg. rate from 40% to 25% 16 th Amendment added to the constitution 16 th Amendment added to the constitution Collection of a federal income tax Collection of a federal income tax Appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court – 1 st Jewish justice Appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court – 1 st Jewish justice

Clayton Anti-Trust Act Passed in 1914 & strengthened the Sherman Act of Passed in 1914 & strengthened the Sherman Act of Specifically stated activities that were illegal for businesses to practice Specifically stated activities that were illegal for businesses to practice Legalized unions & their methods of protest – strikes, boycotts, pickets Legalized unions & their methods of protest – strikes, boycotts, pickets Prevented courts from issuing injunctions against labor unions Prevented courts from issuing injunctions against labor unions

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Created in 1914 Created in 1914 Job was to enforce the Clayton Act & set up fair trade laws Job was to enforce the Clayton Act & set up fair trade laws Given the power to order businesses to “cease & desist” illegal practices Given the power to order businesses to “cease & desist” illegal practices

The Federal Reserve System Designed to prevent the financial panics that plagued the U.S. in the late 1800’s Designed to prevent the financial panics that plagued the U.S. in the late 1800’s Divides the country into 12 districts Divides the country into 12 districts Each district has a federal bank Each district has a federal bank Every bank in the district was required to join the system & deposit some of its cash reserves in the federal bank Every bank in the district was required to join the system & deposit some of its cash reserves in the federal bank Member banks could borrow from the federal bank Member banks could borrow from the federal bank Created a new national currency: federal reserve notes Created a new national currency: federal reserve notes