Avoiding Plagiarism: MLA style of referencing… Adapted by Dr. Rees, English 10 (2011) from Free PowerPoint for Teachers Adapted from Mrs. McGowan, Teacher-Librarian (2011) Adapted from Ms. E. Hansen, QE (2006) Adapted from Ms. M. Mirka, Centennial (2004)

Write this and leave space for answers… What is plagiarism? What is an in-text citation? What is a Works Cited page? What does paraphrasing mean?

Getting Started… What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means using another’s work without giving them credit and saying that it is your own From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation

Paraphrase To restate in your own words the meaning of another piece of writing. You must cite your source. 3-or-more-words rule!

How to paraphrase or summarize: Read the material you want to use. Put it away. Write down what you remember. Compare yours to the original. Check for plagiarizism. Check for correct meaning.

Paraphrase this: Endowed with pinkish-gray, wrinkly skin, scant hair, and long buck teeth, naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) aren’t likely to win any beauty contests. The Naked Truth about Mole-Rats by Jill Locantore photos by Jessie Cohen

Check your Julius Caesar summary Highlight or underline complete sentences or phrases that you used. Circle individual words that you used. Look at the original to check that you kept the correct meaning. Did you plagiarize?

Key terms: Cite—v. (not sight ). It means to write down exactly where your information came from. Citation—n. (not a traffic ticket). It is the words you wrote down to cite your source. How you write your citation is important. In-text citation —a citation that appears in the paper itself. Works Cited —a list of citations that appears as the last page of your paper.

Let’s look at a paper to see how it all fits together.

Warm Up Answer in 3-5 sentences: Was Julius Caesar a power- hungry tyrant or a wise and admirable leader?

Examples of Plagiarism… Copying and pasting text from any web site including encyclopedias (or just copying) Using photographs, video or audio without permission or acknowledgement Using another student’s or your parents’ work and claiming it as your own even with permission Quoting a source without using quotation marks-even if you do cite it From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation

More Examples of Plagiarism… Citing sources you didn’t use Getting your work (a research paper, story, poem, or article) off the Internet Turning in the same paper for more than one class without the permission of both teachers (this is called self-plagiarism) Can you think of more? From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation

How to Avoid Plagiarism… Use your own words and ideas when possible. Use a signal phrase to indicate someone else’s ideas. Always give credit to the source where you have received your information by using an in-text citation If you use someone’s exact words - put them in quotes From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation

How to Avoid Plagiarism… Make a good record of your research– use your source sheet or make source cards! Never use someone else’s work with only “cosmetic changes.” From: Mirka, 2004, The Plagiarism Trap. Powerpoint Presentation

Getting Started… What is Works Cited? –A list at the end of a paper that provides the full information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. It cites works that specifically support a particular article. –Sources should be alphabetically listed by author’s last name at the end of the paper or presentation. A bibliography? –A bibliography cites works for background or for further reading.

Warm Up April 8, 2011 Paraphrase the following: “Caesar also spent some of his own money to stage the most lavish gladiator battles Rome had yet witnessed” (Nordo 32).

Questions =Paragraphs Question 1 and answers= paragraph 1 Question 2 and answers = paragraph 2 Question 3 and answers= paragraph 3

Paragraph 1 (support) Use information from each box that runs across from question 1. Use both source 1 and source 2 Use signal phrases Cite your sources as you go.

Writing the body paragraphs Caesar did many things that made him seem power hungry. According to the BBC History website article “Julius Caesar”... In addition, Don Nordo, award-winning historian states that...

Your Research Paper Part 1: The summary —class work grade (Use it to build your introduction to the synthesis essay) Part 2: The gathering grid — class work grade (Use it build your synthesis essay body paragraphs) Part 3: The synthesis essay point essay grade. (This will be your “baby” research paper. You will expand it later to become your “big” research paper.) Due Wed April 13

Your Research Paper, cont. Part 4: The Research Paper —you will add two sources (Honors will add 3) that you find on your own to your synthesis essay. You must add information where it is needed, not simply at the end of the synthesis essay. 200 point essay grade Final paper due: April 26

IN TEXT Citations When you have given information from a source, follow the sentence with a citation like this (author’s last name page #). If you do not have a page number, you do not include one, but you may include a paragraph number. Example with no page number: According to the BBC History website article, “Julius Caesar,” Caesar rose in the Roman political system throughout his life. Problem: How can the reader tell the next sentence does NOT contain information from the BBC website? Solution: Use paragraph numbers for this class. Example: According to the BBC History website article, “Julius Caesar,” Caesar rose in the Roman political system throughout his life (par. 1).

In-Text Citation Format 1.Open parenthesis. 2.Author’s name, unless it is mentioned in the sentence. 3.Page or paragraph number. 4.Close parenthesis. 5.Period after everything. 6.Example, Don Nordo, award-winning historian, explains that Julius Caesar began the civil war in part because he feared being arrested if he returned to Rome without his army (56).

Practice—What’s wrong? According to the BBC History website, “Julius Caesar,” Caesar was born into a politically active family (par ). According to Michael War, professor of Roman History at Yale, “Julius Caesar was a powerful and angry man”

Synthesis Check Sheet: Are these things correct? In-text citations. Works Cited. Paraphrases and quotes. Clear and correct writing. Useful transitions. Complex sentence structure. Effective introduction and conclusion.

Synthesis, cont. Correct meaning. 5 paragraphs Double-spaced, in MLA format.

Introduction

General to Specific Mention general information about Julius Caesar or Rome. (The first information from your summary would work!) State your thesis.

Thesis statement fill-in Although some people believe Julius Caesar was ____, he was actually ______ because _________.

Thesis statement practice: School all year round Although some believe year-round school would be beneficial for students, having school all year would be harmful because of decreased family time, increased education expenses, and loss of state tourism revenue.

Thesis statement practice Cell phones allowed in school Although some believe cell phones should not be allowed in school, cell phones should be a part of every school day because they increase student organization, provide for creative lesson plans, and enable students to communicate with parents.

Why is citing so tedious and annoying? In-text citations and Works Cited work as a code. The code is the result of an agreement among writers so that they can all find information easily. Punctuation and format mean EVERYTHING in the code.

Why is citing so tedious and annoying? The code is easy for experts but hard for you. The code can help you. If you enter the code incorrectly, it is WRONG.

Source:

References American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. APA Style.Org (2005). Electronic references: Citations in text of electronic material. Retrieved from Calgary Board of Education. (2000). References and citations in text: Formats for student research. Retrieved from

Bibliography (suggested for further information or investigation) American Psychological Association. (2010). American Psychological Association Psych Net. Retrieved from Bibliographic formats for citing electronic information. (2009). Retrieved from

Thank You! You are welcome to ask your teacher-librarian if you need any help. The End.

For Better or For Worse – Lynn Johnston Source:

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