IV.Agrarian Response to Economic Change A.Cheap ____________ and new technology help settle the West and give farmers a push. (This area of our country is known as the ________ ________ 1. _______________ are given grants of land for free. 2. Congress passes two laws that help _________________ move west. a. Homestead Act: This gave ________ acres of land to any farmer who developed it for _______ years. b. Morrill Act: This provided Western States with huge tracks of land with the stipulation that agricultural __________________ would be built on them. This would help teach the farmers of the West the best ways to use the land. 3. The new invention of the ___________ ___________ plow allowed farmers to cultivate the deep routed grassy plains. (Reapers and Combines were other inventions that cultivated the ________ _________ as well) Land Great Plains Railroads Farmers colleges Steel Tipped Great Plains

B.Farmers are hurt by their dependence on Banks, Merchants, and of course ___________________. 1. Farmers depended on banks to give them ____________ (Capital) 2. Farmers also borrowed machinery on store credit from merchants (________________) 3. The farmers worst enemy though was the __________________. They charged high rates for storage and ___________________ of crops. 4. Farmers generally had good crops in the late 1800’s, but _______________ dropped dramatically fro their crops. Many merchants and banks ________________________ (took possession of) on farms. Railroads Loans Labor Railroad Transportation Prices ***Prices dropped due to overproduction Foreclosed

C.The ___________ movement (An agrarian Response) 1. At first the Grange was a social gathering of farmers. By the late 1800’s though, they began to meet to discuss how to combat decreasing ______________ and increasing ________________ rates. 2. The grange developed ____________________. These business would exist on the donations of grange members. These __________________ would build grain elevators and buy farm machinery in bulk for the members of the business. 3. Granger Laws were passed by some state Legislatures. These regulated railroad rates. The ________________ _____________ changed its mind on these laws in two landmark cases. a. ________ v. Illinois : The Supreme Court said that states could set regulatory rates. b. ___________v. Illinois: The Supreme Court stated that states could not regulate trains that were involved in _____________ commerce *These two cases demonstrate flexibility in the Constitution through ___________ __________Judicial Review Granger PricesRailroad Cooperatives “Coops” SupremeCourt Munn Wabash Interstate

D.Populism (a political response to economic change) 1. Originally, farmers joined ________________ in different sectors of the country. a. Northern Alliance – 2 million farmers in the Mid and North West b. Southern Alliance – 3 million farmers of the South c. Colored Farmers’ National Alliance – 1 million members. 2. In 1892, the Northern and Southern Alliances formed to create the ____________________ Party. 3. The Populist Party Platform consisted of several radical ideas: a. A __________________ income tax. (The more you __________, the more you _x____________.) b. Government ownership or at least __________________ of ________________. c. Election of __________________ by direct vote of the people rather than state legislatures. d. The use of: … in the state governments -initiative: -Referendum: e. The _____ hour work day (Tried to capture ___________ votes of the Northeast. Alliances Populist GraduatedMake Pay in taxes Regulation Railroads Senators Citizens sign petitions to create laws Citizens vote on laws (like a school budget) More citizen control Of Government -R 8 Workers

4. The Populists also demanded the __________ coinage of ____________ in order to _______________ the economy. This would ___________ the prices of their crops, while the price of their loans would ______________ the ____________. 5. The election of 1896 a. The Populist candidate for President in 1892 was James Weaver who received 22 electoral votes. A good start for a new and third party. (What would you do if you were the head of one of the two major parties?) b. In 1896, both the Democrats and Populists chose __________________ ______________ ____________ as their Presidential candidates. (Cross of Gold speech project) c. ________________ _________________ wins the election as laborers in the Northeast feared inflation and the loss of jobs. Free Silver Inflate raise Remain Same William Jennings Bryan William McKinley

E.Populists (a _____________ party R) impact the national government by influencing the other major parties to pass the following laws and Amendments. 1. Sixteenth Amendment 2. Seventeenth Amendment: 3. Interstate Commerce Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC): ***Although third parties may not ______ national elections, they do influence the _____________ ______________ and impact the _______________ government. Third INCOME TAX DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS The government can now regulate the railroads: rates had To be posted and fair as per distance and weight. win Major Parties National