SLIDE 1IS 202 – FALL 2002 Lecture 27: Final Review Prof. Ray Larson & Prof. Marc Davis UC Berkeley SIMS Tuesday and Thursday 10:30 am - 12:00 pm Fall SIMS 202: Information Organization and Retrieval

SLIDE 2IS 202 – FALL 2002 Announcements Extra Credit due date extended until December 13

SLIDE 3IS 202 – FALL 2002 Storytelling (narrative structures) Information Architecture Approach to User Interface Design Interaction Design Media Design points of view politics of information scenarios From Abbe Don, 202 Lecture 2001

SLIDE 4IS 202 – FALL 2002 What is information architecture? Information Architect: n. 1) the individual who organizes the patterns inherent in data, making the complex clear. 2) a person who creates the structure or map of information which allows others to find their personal paths to knowledge. 3) the emerging 21st century professional occupation addressing the needs of the age focused upon clarity, human understanding and the science of the organization of information. –Richard Saul Wurman, Information Architects, 1996

SLIDE 5IS 202 – FALL 2002 Elements of information architecture Organization systems Labeling systems Navigation systems Search and indexing systems Metaphor systems Audience analyses

SLIDE 6IS 202 – FALL 2002 Elements of Information Architecture * * *= major labels Organization system * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Search System Navigation System

SLIDE 7IS 202 – FALL 2002 Organization Systems Ways to Organize Information – Topics – Tasks – Processes – Metaphors – Narratives – Audiences

SLIDE 8IS 202 – FALL 2002 Types of Labels Labels as indexing and search terms Link labels Labels as headings Labels within navigation systems (e.g., pull down menus) Icons

SLIDE 9IS 202 – FALL 2002 Navigation Systems Types –Hierarchical –Global –Local –Other? Information access methods including social navigation, berrypicking, etc.

SLIDE 10IS 202 – FALL 2002 Search and Indexing Systems Search –database versus text search –Good search engines can handle multiple notations –People are interested in searching db fields for ecommerce –Synonyms mostly per domain Inktomi includes American to British synonyms –Interfaces Basic search everywhere Simple search page Advanced search page with all options Put “search” on the button Integrate search with browsing (from Avi Rappoport’s lecture of 27 Sept 2001)

SLIDE 11IS 202 – FALL 2002 Metaphor Systems Organizational metaphors (e.g., website organized according to corporate structure) Functional metaphors (e.g., website organized like a libraries, with volumes, shelves, catalogs, etc.) Visual metaphors (e.g., website organized like a machine or a city)

SLIDE 12IS 202 – FALL 2002 Metaphor Systems Recall Lakoff and Johnson’s metaphors of embodiment and their use in cognitive mapping of websites (e.g., Maglio et al., 1999). E.g, how does one move in, up, down, etc. in navigating a website.

SLIDE 13IS 202 – FALL 2002 Audience Who is the website for? How does one describe this audience? –Scenarios –Personae (see Alan Cooper, About Face: The Essentials of User Interface Design) Goals and Tasks Enthnography (see Illinois Institute of Technology, Design Department) Usability studies (see Nielsen and Norman Group)

SLIDE 14IS 202 – FALL 2002 Case Study Don and Co. example from Abbe Don (Abbe Don Interactive, Co) from IS 202 Lecture, Fall 2001

SLIDE 15IS 202 – FALL 2002 Edward Don & Company

SLIDE 16IS 202 – FALL 2002 System Components AS400 Purchasing Warehouse Inventory Invoices Payments Sales Force Automation Web ecommerce App Server templates DAM Print Quark Express Extensions

SLIDE 17IS 202 – FALL 2002 Taxonomy (catalog at KITCHEN –COOKWARE Stock Pots –heavy weight –standard weight –stainless steel –lids Sauce Pots –heavy weight –standard weight –lids

SLIDE 18IS 202 – FALL 2002 The Big False Assumptions The AS400 classification system was accurate and consistent The AS400 classification system contained all the business logic necessary to run the business, including generating marketing communications materials EY built web architecture and database based on AS400 system Image, Inc. assumed AS400 classification as basis of DAM database design

SLIDE 19IS 202 – FALL 2002 The Bearer of Bad News Class/subclass was ok Things below that were a mess A lot of “human translation” was done between the AS400 and the marketing communications print materials to get them into “customer ready” form The internal owner of the classification system dug in his heels The two outside vendors blamed each other, denied responsibility and were reluctant to fix the problem

SLIDE 20IS 202 – FALL 2002 Resolving the Issues Could barely talk about the problem because everyone had a different vocabulary and understanding of the issues Created detailed HTML page mockups (live demo) AS400 taxonomy changed to category/subcategory/class/subclass Entire taxonomy was reviewed and edited Marketing Communications “presentation” model which was previously thought to correspond to “class” was not in synch. Business Rules project initiated to synchronize “managing the business” and “communicate with customers.”

SLIDE 21IS 202 – FALL 2002 Lecture Overview Review –Information Architecture What is information architecture? Elements of information architecture –Organization systems –Labeling systems –Navigation systems –Search and indexing systems –Metaphor systems –Audience analyses Case Study Final Review Credit for some of the slides in this lecture goes to Warren Sack and Abbe Don

SLIDE 22IS 202 – FALL 2002 Final Exam Details Due to some scheduling conflicts we are giving the final TWICE Dates: December 12 and December 13 –Show of hands… Time: 9:30-12:30 The exam is open-book and open note It will be hand-written, so be sure to bring: –Pens/Pencils –Calculator –(Paper will be provided on the exam itself, but you may want to bring scratch paper)

SLIDE 23IS 202 – FALL 2002 Final Exam Details The exam will be comprehensive, covering both the Organization and Retrieval parts of the course – be the emphasis will be on the last half (Retrieval) Questions will be worth a specific number of points and these will be stated on the exam itself Partial credit will be awarded for partial answers In your answers, please balance conciseness with illustration of all of the requested information –In other words, don't write a lot of things that aren't asked for, but try to address all of what is asked for

SLIDE 24IS 202 – FALL 2002 Study Guide To study for the exam: Be sure you understand the material that was covered in lectures and have read and absorbed the corresponding material in the readings Be sure you can do activities similar to what was done in the homework assignments We will have questions that require you to generalize from what you've learned and synthesize ideas –So be sure you have thought about the ideas covered in lecture, readings, and homework assignments

SLIDE 25IS 202 – FALL 2002 Example Questions These are available on the Class Web site Note that these examples are NOT the exact questions that will be on the exam but are similar to questions that have been used in the past There will be questions that ask you to do something with supplied data –For example, given some data, design an ER diagram describing the data elements and their relationships

SLIDE 26IS 202 – FALL 2002 Example Questions The example questions on the web site are organized (approximately) in the order that the topics were presented during the course: –Information –Metadata –Classification/Category Design –Human Category structure –Database Design –Documents and Statistics of Text –Lexical Relationships –Queries, Ranking, and the Vector Space Model –IR Systems and Implementation –Evaluation of IR Systems –The Search process and User Interfaces –Relevance Feedback –Web Site Design –The design process

SLIDE 27IS 202 – FALL 2002 Course Outline Organization –Overview –Categorization –Metadata and markup –Metadata for multimedia Photo Project –Controlled vocabularies, classification, thesauri –Information design Thesaurus design Database design Retrieval –The search process –Content analysis Tokenization, Zipf’s law, lexical associations –IR implementation –Term weighting and document ranking Vector space model –User interfaces Overviews, query specification, providing context

SLIDE 28IS 202 – FALL 2002 Review of Course Content We can draw on: –27 sets of Slides (including this one) –Handout papers –The Reader –Textbooks

SLIDE 29IS 202 – FALL 2002 Your Questions What topics would you like more explanation for?

SLIDE 30IS 202 – FALL 2002 Study hard, and good luck! Thank you for all the great work!