J.A.SACCO

 Why was the Election of 1800 called “the Revolution of 1800”?

Democratic-Republican strength from small farmers, urban areas, artisans and laborers. Federalist strength manufacturers, merchants, and commercial farmers T. Jefferson A.Burr J.Adams C.Pinckney Democratic -Republicans Federalists

Republicans intended for one elector to not vote for Burr. This would give Jefferson the election. Something went wrong. Tie between Jefferson and Burr. What happens now?

 Who won the Election of 1800? 12 th Amendment Problems in the election would lead to separate ballots for President and Vice-President

What is the “Jeffersonian Vision”?  Belief in the “common man”  Faith in the “republican” system  Protection of freedoms, equal opportunity for all  Frugal gov’t spending  Popular education  States rights/laissez-faire economy  All of this based on agrarian rule

JEFFERSON ENDSJEFFERSON KEEPS  Less government spending  End Alien and Sedition Acts  Naturalization 14-5 yrs.  Lower the federal budget 1801 ($83m.) ($57m.)  End standing army, rely on militias  Abolish direct tax of 1801 and allows whiskey tax to end in 1802  Replace corrupt officeholders  Reduce the number of judges under Judiciary Act 1801  Keeps the First National Bank  Keeps paying state debt  Does keep a small army of 3,350 officers and men  Establishes West Point

 Expansion of the number of federal judges. Passed by Congress. Positions filled by “midnight appointments” of Adams. Why was this important to the Federalists?

 Jefferson attacks Judiciary Act of 1801 by getting Congress to repeal the act.  Most important event dealing with the Judiciary Act of 1801 was the appointment of William Marbury leading to the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison.

CASE  William Marbury, a “midnight appointment” was promised a justice of the peace appointment under the Judiciary Act of  Jefferson, after getting the Judiciary Act of 1801 repealed, refused to give the appointment to Marbury.  Marbury appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court to force James Madison, responsible for handing out new commissions, to issue a writ of mandamus (court order). This writ was authorized under the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Decision  Marbury should be entitled to the commission but he should not have appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.  The Supreme Court does not have the power to force Madison to hand over the commission.  That section of the Judiciary Act of 1789, which Marbury believed gave the power of the Supreme Court to issue the writ to Madison to force him to hand over the commission was unconstitutional. Marbury should have went to a lower court to acquire the writ and the commission.

IMPACT  The case establishes judicial review? MarburyMadison

As President Jefferson often contradicted his political philosophy! WHY?

 Kept the 1 st Bank of the U.S.  Used a loose interpretation of U.S. Constitution to purchase the Louisiana Purchase  Used federal money to pay back New England investors cheated by the Yazoo Land Company and a corrupt Georgia legislature.  Sent in Stephen Decatur to end the Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean- in so doing he increased the U.S. Navy. WHY?

Effects of the Louisiana Purchase? Why Jefferson Wants to Buy? Why Napoleon Wants to Sell?

Why did Jefferson buy the Louisiana Territory?  Spain transfer territory to France in a secret treaty. Pinckney Treaty no longer applicable. Jefferson doesn’t like a strong nation like France on U.S. border. Began to consider an alliance with England?  Need port of New Orleans for western farmers. Able to buy the entire territory for $15 million!

Why did Napoleon want to sell?  Needed money for war against Britain.  Napoleon dream of an American empire ends after Toussaint-Louverture leads revolt on the French colony of Haiti.  Hoped purchase would befriend U.S. and prevent U.S. British alliance.

Effects of the Louisiana Purchase  Double the size of U.S. for $15 million.  Increased store of natural resources  Made agrarian dream possible- land for future generations of Americans.  Gave U.S. complete control of the Miss. R- ended rivalry with Br/Fr/Sp.  Strengthened national unity by making westerners grateful for additional territory  Promoted westward expansion

 Forced a dilemma in Jefferson philosophy- used loose interpretation of Constitution.  Reduced powers of Federalists who once adopted a loose interpretation- Federalists switch ideas here, claimed gov’t had no power to make purchase  Expanded power of the federal government.  Future struggle between North/South over slavery.  Essex Junto- New England saw the new territory as a threat to their prominence in the nation. Tried to organize a secessionist movement. Need Aaron Burr support. Offer Burr the governorship of NY for his support. Hamilton exposes Burr and ruins his chances in the election. Leads to duel between Burr and Hamilton. Hamilton killed.

Meriwether Lewis/William Clark and a group of 50 men. Sacajawea as a guide.

TACO