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 Jim Crow laws were laws during the late 19 th century and early 20 th century, which discriminated against colored people especially black people.  These laws were mainly implemented in the South.  Some example: › No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. › It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards. › The marriage of a white person with a negro or mulatto or person who shall have one-eighth or more of negro blood, shall be unlawful and void

 The name Jim Crow comes from a song written by Thomas Dartmouth Rice, who was a struggling actor and musician.  In 1828, Rice appeared in a short skit as a man named Jim Crow, who was the stereotypical black person.  He was one of the first actors to do skits in “Black Face” which is when a white person paints their face black.

 Black children are considered unruly and hyper (Topsy)  The “Happy Darky" = lazy, carefree(Sam)  Mulatto slaves where more desiriable to masters (Eliza)  Dark-skinned female who cooks and cleans (Mammy)  A black man who is eager to please white people (Uncle Tom)

 The act of lynching is considered an extreme mean of execution by either hanging or shooting the victim.  It was created by white people to punish colored people, mainly blacks.  Lynchings occurred mainly in the south.  Lynchings became basically a way for white people to vent their anger against blacks.  Between the years almost 3,446 black people were lynched.

 Between the years of Mississippi had the highest number of lynchings – 581  Georgia was 2 nd with 531  Texas was 3 rd with 493

 Benjamin Tillman was the 84 th Governor of South Carolina.  He was the man responsible for calling the State constitutional convention in 1895 that stripped most black men in South Carolina of many rights and caused Jim Crow Laws to become prominent in South Carolina.

 Ida B. Wells was an African American journalist and newspaper editor, who spoke out against lynching.  She documented lynching in the United States, showing how it was often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with whites.  She was also active in women rights and the women’s suffrage movement.

 Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and Henry Stewart, all good friends of Ida B. Wells, were the owners of People Grocery Company  This up and coming store was booming and it began to take away customers from other white grocers.  These three men were accused of raping three white women and were lynched because of it.  This event launched her lifelong career as an anti-lynching crusader.

 In 1892, Ida became part-owner of The Memphis Free Speech. On March 9 of that year she printed an article that denounced the lynching of three of her friends, accused of raping three white women. Her article angered many Memphis whites and she was forced out of town. The offices of The Memphis Free Speech were destroyed by an angry mob.

 Booker Taliaferro Washington was an African-American educator, author- orator, advisor to Republican presidents, and black political leader  He was the dominant figure in the African- American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915

 On September 18, 1895, Booker T. Washington spoke before a mainly white audience.  He gave a speech named The Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta.  This speech laid the foundation for the Atlanta Compromise.

 In 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt invited Washington to visit him in the White House.  To southern whites this was going too far.  One editor wrote: "With our long-matured views on the subject of social intercourse between blacks and whites, the least we can say now is that we deplore the President's taste, and we distrust his wisdom."

 William Edward Burghardt DuBois was an American Civil Rights activist.  Though the years, Dubois showed great concern for the development of his race.  His lectures reflected the needs of black people.  Racism was the main target of his speeches and he strongly protested against Jim Crow laws, lynching, and discrimination  He helped found the NAACP

 As all of the lynchings and Jim Crow laws thrived in the South, black men like W.E.B. DuBois decided to take a stand and the civil rights movement began.  One of the main events in my opinion that helped launched the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was the death of Emmett Till.

 Emmett Till was a young African American boy who was brutally murdered for supposedly “whistled” at a white woman.  When his mother held his funeral, she decided to leave the casket open so people could witness what happened to her son.  This is the spark that ignited the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement.

Before After

 I would like to thank you all for being witness to the best power point ever invented  Special thanks to me, Dr. Eboni S. Brown for making this beautiful powerpoint  Shout out to D’Andre and Jewell for all of their hard work  And this is for all my dead homies