1 Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) Integrated Response Course March 9, 2011 Readiness, Response, and Recovery

2 Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Initiated in 1988 Joint FEMA - Army program Implemented in 10 states & 41 counties Current agents include GB (sarin), VX (nerve agent) & (HD) Mustard Goal of “maximum public protection” as mandated by Congress Disposal completed at Aberdeen, MD Newport, IN Pine Bluff, AR

3 CSEPP Training Initiated in 1990 at CSEPP National Meeting Comprehensive needs assessment –by job function –by location Training Management Plan developed in 1992 and last revised in 2005 Training divided into 3 development paths –Technical, Public affairs, and Medical Use variety of delivery techniques –

4 Purpose of This Course To present an integrated version of –Chem Awareness –ACT FAST (Agent Characteristics,Toxicology, First Aid, and Special Treatment ) –Personal Protective Equipment –Decontamination –Use of Auto Injector –CSEPP Multi-Hazard Medical Course

5 Course Objectives Understand the potential hazards of nerve and mustard agents Understand the signs and symptoms of nerve and mustard agent exposure Understand the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) Understand the process of decontaminating exposed personnel Understand the medical treatment of nerve and mustard agent exposure

6 Chemical Stockpile Comprised of chemicals designed and produced for the sole purpose of warfare Nerve agents and blister agents Deseret Chemical Disposal Facility

7 Storage FacilitiesStates with Storage FacilitiesImpacted States CHEMICAL STOCKPILE LOCATIONS Anniston Chemical Activity (ANCA) Anniston, AL Blue Grass Chemical Activity (BGCA) Richmond, KY Deseret Chemical Depot (DCD) Tooele, UT Edgewood Chemical Activity (ECA) Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD (Stockpile Destroyed) Newport Chemical Depot (NECD) Newport, IN Pine Bluff Chemical Activity (PBCA) Pine Bluff, AR Pueblo Chemical Depot (PUCD) Pueblo, CO Umatilla Chemical Depot (UMCD) Hermiston, OR WA IL

8 Various Munitions Types Bulk Containers 500 lb Bomb Land Mine ProjectileCartridge M-55 Rocket

9 CA20 TYPES OF AGENTS

10 GA GB VX Nerve Agents H HD HTL Blister Agents

11 Attack body’s nervous system Scientific classification: Organophosphate –organophosphates also include agricultural insecticides such as malathion and parathion CA22 Nerve Agents GAGBVX

12 GB

13 VX

14 Specific Names SymbolCommon nameReferred to as VXVXVX GBSarinGB or G-agent GA*TabunGA or G-agent * Small amount was stored at Deseret Chemical Depot and now destroyed

15 Usually liquid in normal state Becomes volatile and generates vapors if heated Potential for release if in vapor or aerosol form All nerve agents currently in liquid form Most distinguishable factors are physical consistency and color Nerve Agent Physical Properties

16 VX Physical Properties Oily liquid; resembles light weight oil Usually a pale amber color (colorless in pure form) Odorless Tasteless Persistent; designed to cling to whatever it splatters on –persistence is weather-dependent

17 G-Agents Physical Properties GB is usually colorless, watery in pure form GA may be pale to dark amber GB has almost no odor GB is tasteless GB volatilizes at lower temperature than VX GB evaporates more rapidly than VX but less than water

18 HHDHTL Blister Agents (Vesicants) Poisons that destroy individual cells Blisters most noticeable effect from exposure Includes sulfur mustard and Lewisite

19 SymbolCommon nameReferred to as H, HD, HTSulfur mustardH, HD, HT L* LewisiteLewisite * Small amount was stored at Deseret Chemical Depot and now destroyed Specific Names

20 HD

21 L

22 Mustard-garlic-like smell Liquid or solid form in normal state Melting point about 57 o F Becomes volatile and generates vapors if heated –burns well once ignited Pale amber brown color in liquid form Colorless gas when vaporized Sulfur Mustard Physical Properties Laboratory bottle of sulfur mustard

23 Lewisite Physical Properties Amber to brown liquid –colorless when pure About 10 times more volatile than sulfur mustard Irritating, fruity or geranium-like odor –little odor when pure Persistent More dangerous as liquid than as vapor

24 Non-Stockpile Agents Cyanide (i.e., CK) Pulmonary agents (i.e., Phosgene) Riot Control agents (i.e., Mace) Incapacitating agents (i.e., BZ)

25 Example of CSEPP Planning Zones Immediate Response Zone Protective Action Zone Precautionary Zone

26 Potential Types of Release and Associated Hazards If a release is large enough to pose threat to public, the dominant hazard is from breathing air in which agent exists as vapor Paths for liquid chemical warfare agent to travel from release point to off-site are limited and relatively easy to block; therefore people off-site unlikely to encounter liquid agent

27 Four Basic Types of Potential Releases Spill Fire Explosion Complex Simulated Chemical Explosion at Deseret, UT

28 Spill On to the ground or other surfaces Resulting puddle of agent (liquid deposition) can evaporate into vapor and drift downwind

29 Explosion Causes droplets of agent to be formed Larger, heavier droplets quickly fall to ground (deposition) Releases vapors and aerosols (smaller droplets and particles) that can travel greater distances

30 Fire Both aerosols and vapors are formed Vapors and aerosols lifted higher into air because of heat from fire Hazard similar to those of an explosion

31 Difference Between Aerosols and Vapors Think of a chemical agent release in terms of hair spray coming from a spray can –when spray is release, it is an aerosol –larger particles and/or droplets are deposited near point of release –particles quickly fall out of air onto hair and skin –person across room can smell hair spray from breathing vapors released

32 It is very unlikely the public would be exposed to droplets and aerosols Particles will mostly fall out of plume (via deposition) by time plume reaches installation boundary Coordinated response system implemented What If a Release Occurs?

33 Vapor Hazard For most releases, the primary health hazard comes from vapors when they are inhaled or come in contact with skin or eyes Agent vapors pose greatest hazard when inhaled because they are rapidly absorbed by lung tissues Skin exposure to agent vapors can be hazardous, but seldom life-threatening

34 Federal Response NIMS - will require integration of Incident Command System (ICS) as off-post event would likely be of National Interest DoD may send team to help communities with detection FBI would likely respond to civilian terrorist event - change of custody of samples then would be needed