How were you able to smell the perfume?

Movement of Substances Diffusion Osmosis

Diffusion

Lets Recap from Chemistry… 3 particle states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Diffusion What is the particle arrangement and motion?

Definition: 1)The net movement of particles 2)from a region of higher concentration 3)to a region of lower concentration Diffusion High concentration Low concentration

Diffusion in liquid state : Ink dye : Water molecules

Diffusion in liquid state : Ink dye : Water molecules

Diffusion in gaseous state : Perfume molecules : Air molecules

Diffusion in gaseous state : Perfume molecules : Air molecules

Net Movement Note: This barrier does not illustrate a partially permeable membrane.

Net Movement

Equilibrium When particles reaches an equilibrium, does the particles stop moving? Hint: Particles move in a random and dynamic motion.

Examples Movement of substances in and out of amoeba cells Movement of CO 2 and O 2 in and out of lung cells Movement of nitrates in and out of root hair cells

Can you think of any other diffusion that happens in your daily life?

Concentrated sucrose solution 1.What will happen to the eggs? 2.Is this diffusion? If not what is this process called?

Movement of Substances Diffusion Osmosis Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient. includes definition 1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration 2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net) 3) Concentration gradient 4) Examples of diffusion Key Ideas:

Osmosis

Definition: The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a solution of high water potential, to a solution of lower water potential. : sucrose :water molecules Partially permeable membrane

Partially Permeable Membrane Permeable Membrane Allows both the solvent (water) and the solutes ( dissolved substances to pass through) Equal concentration of all ions in both sides of the membrane. Eg: Cell Wall of plant cells Allows some substances to pass through but not others. Unequal concentration of ions in both sides of the membrane Eg: Cell membrane in plant and animal cells.

: sucrose :water molecules Partially permeable membrane The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane Only water molecules passes through the partially permeable membrane (sucrose solution too big to pass through the partially permeable membrane).

Osmosis in living organisms Plant Cells Animal Cells Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials. Due to presence of cell wall in plants.

Osmosis in plant cell  Fully permeable: allows most dissolved substances to pass through Cell surface membrane is a partially permeable membrane

Plant cell in High water potential 1. Cell vacuole has lower water potential compared to solutions outside cell 2. Water enters cell by osmosis. 3. Vacuole increases in size, pushes against cell wall 4. Cell wall exerts opposing pressure (against turgor pressure) 5. Plant cell expands and become turgid (cell does not bursts)  Turgor

Osmosis in living organisms Plant Cells Animal Cells Plant cell behaves differently from animal cell when placed in solutions with differing water potentials. Due to presence of cell wall in plants.

Animal cell in High water potential 1. Cytoplasm has lower water potential compared to solution outside cell 2. Water enters by osmosis 3. Animal cell will swell and may bursts as it does not have a cell wall to protect it.

Movement of Substances Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient. includes definition 1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration 2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net) 3) Concentration gradient 4) Examples of diffusion Key Ideas: The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a solution of high water potential, to a solution of lower water potential. definition 1) Only water molecules 2) Partially permeable membrane 3) High water potential to low water potential 4) Hypertonic & hypotonic 5) Osmosis in living cells 6) SA to Vol ratio 7) Adaptations Key Ideas: Opposites!

Movement of Substances Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, down the concentration gradient. includes definition 1) Liquid/ Gas particles move from region of high concentration to low concentration 2) Movement of particles is random and dynamic in equilibrium (net) 3) Concentration gradient 4) Examples of diffusion Key Ideas: The movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a solution of high water potential, to a solution of lower water potential. definition 1) Only water molecules 2) Partially permeable membrane 3) High water potential to low water potential 4) Hypertonic & hypotonic 5) Osmosis in living cells 6) SA to Vol ratio 7) Adaptations Key Ideas: Energy is used to move particles against concentration gradient ( from a region of low concentration to a region of higher concentration), up a concentration gradient. Key Ideas: 1) Requires energy 2) From low to high 3) Only in living cell 4) Active transport in living cells definition