Final Review

What is Activism? Activism is the policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

What is the St. Baldrick’s Foundation Created by three friends Tim Kenny, John Bender and Enda McDonald Idea of shaving heads to raise money for children with cancer Goal of 1st event in 2000 raise $17,000 and shave 17 heads – exceed their goal raising $104,000 2nd event in 2001 raises $140,000

What is the St. Baldrick’s Foundation After Sept 11, 2001 – the founders lose hundreds of friends and colleagues to the terrorist attack but decide to continue with their efforts because kids with cancer are still fighting for their lives. By spring 2002, over $ 1 million raised 2004, the St. Baldrick’s Foundation is created

What is the St. Baldrick’s Foundation Worldwide $175,000 children are diagnosed with cancer each year More children die of childhood cancer than any other diseases combined 2/3 of children treated for childhood cancer suffer long term side effects from treatment including: hearing and vision loss, heart disease, secondary cancers, learning disabilities

What is the St. Baldrick’s Foundation There are over a dozen types of childhood cancer and countless subtypes Each requires specific research to develop the best treatment Less than %4 of national funding is dedicated to childhood cancer research St. Baldricks works closely with pediatric oncologists to fund the most promising research to fund treatments that are not life threatening and cures

Evolution of the Right to Vote The 15 th Amendment granted African American males the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States could not be denied right to vote based on account of race, ethnicity or previous servitude."

Evolution of the Right to Vote The 15 th Amendment Although ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century. Through the use of poll taxes and literacy tests, African American males were denied opportunity to vote It would take the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 before the majority of African Americans in the South were registered to vote.

Evolution of the Right to Vote The 19 th Amendment Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote. Achieving this milestone required a lengthy and difficult struggle; victory took decades of agitation and protest. Beginning in the mid-19th century, several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. Few early supporters lived to see final victory in 1920.

Evolution of the Right to Vote 26 th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. The long debate over lowering the voting age in America from 21 to 18 began during World War II and intensified during the Vietnam War, when young men denied the right to vote were being conscripted to fight for their country. Congress passed the 26th Amendment in March 1971; the states promptly ratified it, and President Richard M. Nixon signed it into law that July