IMMIGRATION 1) READ THE FOLLOWING SLIDES 2) SOME SLIDES HAVE QUESTIONS 3) TYPE IN YOUR ANSWERS THESE SLIDES MAKE FOR GREAT NOTES WHEN WE TAKE A TEST NEXT WEEK!!!!!

Immigration The poem on the Statue says: "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

Ellis Island In the early 1900’s, millions of Europeans immigrated to America through Ellis Island… that’s where the Statue of Liberty was set up.

New immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in 1902 New immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in 1902. There they will be processed before they are allowed to continue their journey to find a new home.

American Immigration Past and Present

Define “assimilation” in your own words (it’s in the Glossary) Answer: So many cultures assimilate in the United States that our nickname is: (it’s at the top of pg. 181) Answer:

Throughout its history, America has served as the destination point for a steady flow of immigrants.

Why people immigrate to America… Immigration is the result of two factors: Push and Pull. Go to the Glossary and write your own little definition these two terms. Push Factor – Pull Factor –

Give me an example of a PUSH factor

Give me an example of a PULL factor

Forced Immigration The story of African immigration is unique among immigrant groups. Unlike other immigrants, most Africans came to North America against their will, caught up in the brutal system of slavery. However in every colony there was always a population of African Americans living in freedom. Some were freed slaves or the descendents of freed slaves, some had escaped, some had bought their own freedom, and some lived in territories or states that had abolished slavery.

Were all African immigrants who came to North America slaves? Answer:

Immigration declined when the American Revolution started.

Immigration 1790-1820 After the Revolution (we won!), the largest immigrant group were the English. About 20% of the population was from the continent of Africa.

What do you think the most common language BY FAR was in America during the 1700’s? Answer:

Use the slide above. How many Irish immigrated to America between 1790-1825? Answer:

Use the slide above. How many Irish immigrated to America between 1820-1880? Answer:

1820-1880 The Industrial Revolution has begun and slaves were being replaced by machines!!! Som immigrants came to work on the railroads, some were just diggin’ for gold in California! Most immigrants were in pursuit of a dream, but nearly all the Irish immigrants from the 1840's and 1850's came to escape a nightmare - a devastating famine back home. The Great Hunger would leave 1.5 million dead, and just as many would flee to America.

Why did so many Irish people immigrate to America??? Answer:

1880-1930 After the Civil War, America's growing industrial economy required the addition of many more workers, and this need was filled once again by immigrants arriving from Europe. By the 1880's, steam power had shortened the journey to America dramatically and immigrants poured in from around the world. While earlier immigrants had come mainly from northern European countries such as England, Germany, and the Scandinavian countries, by the 1880s most new immigrants were arriving from southern and eastern European countries such as Italy, Poland and Russia. The door was wide open for Europeans.

The experience for Asian immigrants in this period was quite different. In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, severely restricting immigration from China for the next 10 years, which was then extended to be indefinitely. This was the first major restriction on immigration to the United States. For the first time in American history, immigration into the United States was denied on the basis of race and class.

Why the Chinese? Chinese immigration to America was influenced by both the "pull" of California's Gold Rush and the "push" created by China's impoverished conditions. The Chinese did not find instant wealth. However, America's expansion to the West and the economic boom of the Gold Rush era did provide employment possibilities for the Chinese. They quickly became an inexpensive but formidable work force.

Chinese face discrimination By the early 1870s, the Gold Rush was over. Tens of thousands of East Coast laborers faced an economy in decline and fierce competition for jobs. The Chinese, once welcomed for their work ethic and valuable contribution, were now blamed for lowering wages, employment opportunities, and working conditions of all laborers. Long-held racial, cultural, and religious prejudices were unleashed on the so-called "heathen Chinee." Inclined to maintain the customs, rituals, beliefs, and lifestyle of their homeland, the Chinese were accused of being unable or unwilling to assimilate into American society.

After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, American attitudes toward immigration began to shift. Nationalism and suspicion of all foreigners were on the rise, and immigrants' loyalties were often called into question. A series of laws were passed to limit the flow of immigrants. With the U.S. entry into World War I in 1919, immigration declined dramatically.

1930-1965 The Great Depression has begun, leaving few with the means or incentive to come to the United States. Many recent immigrants return to their native lands, including hundreds of thousands of Mexicans, many against their will. The restrictive immigration policies of the 1920s persist. In the late 1930s, with the Second World War accelerating in Europe, a new kind of immigrant began to challenge the quota system, and the American conscience. A small number of refugees fleeing Nazi persecution arrived under the quota system, but most were turned away.

At the turn of the century a great 25 year surge of immigration began, in which more than 100,000 Japanese nationals arrived in the U.S., mostly in California. The Japanese were quite successful in their business endeavors and have produced at least one American-made millionaire. By the early years of the century, organized campaigns had already arisen to exclude Japanese immigrants from U.S. life. repeating many of the same slanders as had been used against Chinese immigrants in the decades before. By 1930, half of the Japanese in the United States U.S.-born second generation. These citizens were more likely to speak English than Japanese, more likely to practice Christianity than Buddhism, and more likely to prefer "American" food, sports, music, and social mores than those of Japanese tradition.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the U.S. into the Second World War. Hours after the attack, U.S. security personnel began rounding up and arresting prominent Japanese Americans as security risks. By the end of the war in 1945, 125,000 people, half of them children, had spent time in what even Roosevelt admitted were concentration camps. This large-scale imprisonment of U.S. citizens solely on the basis of their ancestry was met with almost universal approval. No serious explanations were offered as to why no large-scale internment of German or Italian Americans ever took place. No Japanese American was ever convicted of any act of sabotage during World War II.

1965-2000 By the early 1960s, calls for immigration reform were growing louder. In 1965, Lyndon Johnson signed the Hart-Cellar Act into law. Gone was the quota system favoring Western Europe, replaced by one offering hope to immigrants from all the continents. The face of America was truly about to change. Within 5 years, Asian immigration would more than quadruple. This trend was magnified even further by the surge in refugees from the war in South East Asia and Cuba, as a result of Cold War conflicts during the 70’s and 80’s. In 1978, the United States government set a single annual world quota of 290,000, and this ceiling was raised again in 1990 to 700,000.

In a policy that continues to this day, the government has given preferences to professionals like doctors, nurses, scientists, and hi-tech specialists, creating what is often called the "Brain Drain." Immigrants can enter the country by air, by sea, and by land routes through Canada and Mexico, making it easier than ever to enter the country illegally. In 1986, the government gave amnesty to more than 3 million aliens through the Immigration Reform Act. However, during the recession years of the early 90s, there was a resurgence of anti-immigrant feeling. Yet immigrants have arrived at a pace that at times has exceeded one million new arrivals per year, and have settled in all parts of the country

Compare the immigrants of 1930-1965 to the immigrants of 1965-2000. List 3 differences between the two charts!