Chapter 7 Immigrants and Urbanization Section 1 The New Immigrants

Through the “Golden Door” Millions of Immigrants – Some seek better lives; others temporary Jobs.

Europeans: – 1870 – 1920 = 20 million – Push Factors: religious persecution (Jews), Lack of Jobs, political instability, and little to no rights. – Pull Factors: Land, Gold, Freedom, Jobs, and a better way standard of living.

Chinese and Japanese: – 300,000 Chinese / 200,000 Japanese – Why: Gold Rush, multitude of job opportunities (worked for less $$) (RR, Farms, mines, domestic service, and business)

The West Indies and Mexico: – 260,000 from West Indies / 700,000 from Mexico – Why: political turmoil, industrial jobs, and National Reclamation Act (Draws Mexican farmers)

Life in the New Land A Difficult Journey: – Almost all immigrants travel by steamship (Steerage)

Ellis Island: – Chief U.S. immigration station (New York City) – Immigrants must pass a physical exam (if failed they were turned away) – 1892 – 1924 = 17 million immigrants processed at Ellis Island. – Ellis Island Ellis Island

Angel Island: – Immigrant processing station in San Francisco. – Immigrants endure harsh questioning and long detention.

Cooperation for Survival: – Immigrants must create a new life (home, work, new way of living) – Many seek people from their own ethnic background. – Friction develops b/w “hyphenated” Americans (native-born)

Immigration Restrictions The Rise of Nativism: – Melting Pot: the blending of many people and the different cultures. – Nativism: the overt favoritism toward Native-Born Americans.

Anti-Asian Sentiment: – Nativism finds foothold in labor movement (fear Chinese Immigrants who work for less) – 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act = bans entry to most Chinese / sharp decline in Chinese immigration in

The Gentlemen's Agreement: – San Francisco segregates Japanese schoolchildren – Gentlemen’s Agreement: Japan limits emigration (it decreased Japanese immigration) / U.S. repeals segregation.