Sharing perspectives on a Post-Hyogo Framework - A collective discussion

A reality check… In the last 20 years, natural disasters have affected 64% of the world’s population (UNISDR) 95% of people killed by disasters are from Developing Countries (IPCC) Economic losses relative to national economies are highest in Developing Countries (UNISDR) 43% of the global population live on or below US$2 per day (World Bank) One billion plus people live in urban poverty (World Bank) 30-60% of urban populations in cities across Africa and Asia live in informal settlements. 1 in 4 people on the planet live in areas of fragility and insecurity (World Bank) ….and this isn’t the full picture

For the majority of people most-affected by disasters the local reality is one of: – Poverty – Informality – Fragility (characterised by conflict and insecurity) – Complex, multiple inter-related risks (natural and human derived) – Small scale recurrent disasters (weather-related) – Fast-changing, uncertain, unpredictable

A frontline perspective is: In many low-income countries state institutions are weak, dysfunctional or absent Implementation Gap: Public DRR Policy – Local Practice Poor people assume PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES for risk reduction Post-Hyogo Framework must adequately represent local realities The starting point is to understand how communities strengthen their own resilience to multiple shocks and stresses Community resilience is the foundation of national resilience

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilience: The Pari People in South Sudan Frequent heat waves Epidemics. Insect Infestations Conflict & Insecurity Local Storms Floods Droughts

Community approaches that strengthen resilience to extreme shocks Approaches 1.Holistic 2.Flexible 3.Build on existing capacities 4.Locally owned 5.Responsive to change 6.Iterative, incremental (learning by doing) Actions designed to protect and enhance lives and livelihoods “Stand alone” actions have high opportunity costs Results ABSORPTION CAPABILITIES (Bounce-back-ability) Ability to anticipate and prepare for potential shocks Ability to respond and recover from the impact of shocks ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES (Bounce-forward-ability) Ability to adjust and adapt to changing circumstances

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilience Principle Responsiveness Connectivity Learning Self-Organisation Diversity Social Cohesion Boundaries & Thresholds

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilience Examples of Indicators of Community Resilience Principles PrincipleIndicators Responsiveness Early warning systems Local coping mechanisms / Buffers Connectivity Collaboration, Partnerships Good relationships / trading with neighbours Learning Sharing of information Indigenous knowledge Self-Organisation Local governance arrangements Local leadership Diversity Alternative Livelihoods / Coping Mechanisms Flexibility Social Cohesion Inclusive, Participation, Reciprocity Shared beliefs, values, governance arrangements Conflict resolution Boundaries & Thresholds User rights and entitlements Social and physical boundaries

Scaling up from Community Resilience to National Resilience….. COUNTRY Sub- system s EconomicEnvironmentGovernanceInfrastructureSocial Resilience Principles Responsivenes s Responsiveness Connectivity Connectivity Learning Learning Self- organisation Self-organisation Diversity Diversity Social Cohesion Social Cohesion Thresholds Thresholds

Perspectives on post-Hyogo Framework Adopting Community Resilience at a Strategic Level - “Best Fit” Approach Strong State Capacities Fragile States Non States Capacities Strategic emphasis changes as context changes Afghanistan Somalia Haiti Sudan Resilient States Japan Switzerland USA Majority of people most-affected by disasters live in countries where local state institutional capacities are weak

Implications for a post-Hyogo Framework for the majority of the world’s people most-affected by disasters Broaden scope to a multi-risk framework (natural and human- derived) People-centred; Focused on the everyday local realities for affected population Based on principles of community resilience Strategic emphasis proportional to the degree of need - prioritise most-affected populations and vulnerable groups Accountability and transparency