English Colonies Social/Political/EconomicConflicts

Another Essay Topic Though there where many differences in the development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, they had much in common. What conditions and experiences were common to American colonists regardless of their colony or region?

Outline War and Rebellion and King Phillip’s War Bacon’s Rebellion Outline section addressing Trade Pages Outline the Iroquois Confederation Outline King William’s War Outline Salem Witchcraft

King Phillip's War 1675 More English population- causes Native hostility New England Metacom- or King Phillip of the Wampanoag tribe- Planned a war across New England Attacked 25 of 90 Puritan towns Bloodiest Indian war Narragansett tribe helped the Wampanoag's Puritans unite to put down the revolt Significance- Indians are in New England devastated thousands killed

Bacon’s Rebellion Virginia- class conflict is beginning “Rich v. Poor” Land starts to become scarce New immigrants and former indentured servants want land People move West and this causes Native problems- fear and violence Begins about the time of King Phillip’s War

Tidewater Virginia

Frontiersmen and Indians fight Violence erupts in the western portion of Virginia Frontier settlers ask for protection from Governor Berkeley

Governor Berkeley A old, Royal appointee Was seen as corrupt, protecting landowners and not attacking a major problem- the Indians Frontier settlers wanted Indians killed or removed for more land to be settled Berkeley did not send and army but built forts.

Nathaniel Bacon Bacon wanted to remove the Indian presence in the west Became the leader of a group of Frontiersmen who attacked the Indians Berkley called for Bacon’s arrest Bacon very popular, raises troops and goes after Berkeley- Berkeley flees and Bacon dies young of natural causes Charles II sent 1000 soldiers to restore order

Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion Conflicts existed and patterns are reinforced: Anglo and Native societies don’t mix Conflict between rich and poor are evident in the earliest period of American history The Royal Government was determined to assert control when threatened- The Royal Government was determined to assert control when threatened-

Triangular Trade

Quiz: Explain the concept of Salutary Neglect and evaluate the significance of the Navigation Acts of the 17 th (1600s) century to this concept.

English and Trade Mercantilist Philosophy Trade/colonies= wealth and power for “Mother Country” Salutary/Benign Neglect –Earliest colonial development was regulated but not strictly- –Idea was for more movement of people- freedom was advocated to motivate settlers –Gradually changes occur- to strengthen Empire and control of colony

Wealth of colonies causes controls Navigation Act 1660 Navigation Act 1663 Navigation Act 1673 Is there a pattern associated with these actions? Purpose: to 1.Tax and 2.gain control 3. regulate trade

1 st Navigation Act 1661 All trade was to go to England Carried on British Ships Tobacco only to England or English colonial possessions Problem: Couldn’t enforce effectively

2nd Navigation Acts 1663 Laws were tightened to control trade All goods ---From Europe to colonies MUST pass through England. Everything through Britain-Or British ports Monopoly on export trade from colonies

3 rd Navigation Act 1673 Duties on coastal trade between colonies Royal Customs Agents- to help regulate trade in colonies Lords of Trade- created- (later Board of Trade) –Advised king –Oversee colonies –Set Colonial Policy

More trade law 1696 Established Admiralty Courts-1696 In the colonies to settle trade issues Royal Judges- no jury

Consequences of Trade Acts Smuggling- lack of enforcement and readily available markets for trade cause smuggling More controls- Customs Agents stationed in Colonial ports Corruption- wealth overcomes limitations bribery is widespread Hostility of Colonists toward British Government- controls

Iroquois Confederation 5 Indian tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands –Mohawk, Seneca, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayuga The Great League of Peace Created a limited alliance of Indian tribes in order to maintain peace between the 5 Nations. Very important native organization- to confront the Colonists. Become hostile to French and align with British

Iroquois Iroquois tribes wanted to remove the Huron power- and take over the trade with French War broke out between Iroquois and Huron- (Beaver Wars) Huron were middle man traders- collected furs from Algonquians- sold to French

King William's War 1690 Or The French and Indian War Part 1 As a result of antagonisms in Europe- French and English rivalry- cause as series of wars and fighting takes place in North America Significance: Iroquois will be aligned with British at then try to stay Neutral- Wars continue through the early 1750’s when the French and Indian War – ends French presence in North America

Wars Between France and Britain During the s King William’s War ( ) –French and Algonquians v. British colonists and Iroquois Tribes Queen Anne’s War ( ) –French lose Acadia to British (Nova Scotia) King Georges War ( ) French and Indian War ( ) –French are kicked out of North America

Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692) Accusations of witchcraft come to a small village in Massachusetts Bad things were happening to Mass: and the very religious Puritans believed the devil was responsible. Names remain: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, Tituba…

Salem Witches 19 people executed 2 die in jail, one is tortured to death Prominent people are accused and the court is disbanded Classic Witch Hunt: “Accused could save their lives only by confessing and implicating others…” “Vivid example of people’s capacity to turn against fellow humans, however innocent, in an effort to save themselves.”