Prof. Dr. S. Shabih-ul-Hassan Zaidi Department of Architecture, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

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 Overseas Research Scholars Award, by British Government,  Professor, City and Regional Planning Department, 1995  Chairman, City and Regional Planning Department, UET, Lahore,  Best University Teacher Award 2001  Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Planning,  Quid-e-Azam Gold Medal for Best Performance, 2008  University Meritorious Professor, 2005  Professor on Tenure Track System,  Over 50 publications in National and International Journals, book chapters and Conferences. 10/5/2015 3

Objectives The objective of this course is to give comprehensive understanding of important features of urban built environment. Syllabus: Consideration and study of various contributing factors in the Origin, Foundation, Evolution, Development and Expansion of Urban Settlements. The theories given by Aldo Rosi, Rob Krier, Christofer Alexander, Robert Vinturi and Kevin Lynch etc., Detailed study and analysis of problems in the built environment (housing, transportation, sanitation, environment etc.), design policies and evaluation of their effects on built environment. 10/5/2015 4

“Any settlement with a population of more than 5,000 persons living close to each other (at a suitably high density) and having an economic base other than agriculture is called as an urban area.” or “Any settlement governed by a local body such as municipal committee or corporation or cantonment board may be called as an urban area.” 10/5/2015 5

 Population: Any settlement with a population of above 5000 persons is urban while those having less than 5000 population are rural  Administrative Unit: Any area administered by a local body such as municipal committee or corporation or cantonment board  Density: Urban areas are densely populated while in rural areas the density is low  Economy: The economic base of rural areas is Agriculture while in urban areas the economic base is industry, business and services  Culture: Rural society is more close knit and homogenous society while urban society is more heterogeneous and modern 10/5/2015 6

HOUSING ISSUES: A) Quantitative Issue; i.e. the deficit of housing or housing shortage depicted in the form of street sleeping, tents and temporary structures or doubling up phenomena. B) Qualitative Issue; i.e. the bad quality of existing housing stock in the form of slums and squatter settlements (Katchi Abadis). 10/5/2015 8

TRANSPORTATION ISSUES: A) Poor transportation network; i.e. insufficient and bad condition of roads and railways network. B) Inadequate or Poor public transport; i.e. insufficient and bad condition of public transport vehicles. 10/5/2015 9

Infrastructure Issues: A) Non-availability or poor condition of physical infrastructure or utility services such as water supply, sewerage and drainage system, solid waste management, gas, electricity, telephone etc. B) Poor condition or Non-availability and/ or inadequate accessibility to social infrastructure such as education, health, shopping, community centers, religious buildings etc. 10/5/

Commerce and Industry Issues: A) Pollution and congestion in the commercial centers. B) Lack of Parking areas or inadequate parking. C) Lack of Industry, inadequate access to industrial area and pollution created by obnoxious industry. D) Industrial development in residential areas. 10/5/

Issues of Open spaces and Parks: A) Lack of open spaces and parks. B) Poor maintenance of parks. C) Inadequate parking facilities near parks. 10/5/

Environmental Issues: A) High levels of air, noise, water and solid waste pollution. B) Poor condition of utility services. C) Low percentage of green areas and trees. D) Climate change causing floods, earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, droughts etc. 10/5/

Issues of Socio-economic Development: A) Rapid population growth. B) Low level of incomes and poverty. C) Socio-economic disparities. D) General apathy to public issues. E) Stagnant economy of the cities. F) Lack of neighborliness and social cohesion. 10/5/

Land Use and Spatial Issues: A) Mixed and incompatible land uses. B) High density and congestion in residential and commercial areas. C) Unauthorized and unplanned development. D) Poor accessibility to public facilities. 10/5/

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