Lymph… _____ that leaks out of __________ into “interstitial spaces” due to __________ ____________. What is lymph anyway? ____ of fluid returns _______, remaining lymph then gathers in lymph vessels, ___________________________ ____________ _____________ opposes this flow BI OL 2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II

Take 5!!! Edema results from an interruption of the aforementioned processes On the basis of what you know about fluid movement, explain the following: a) edema due to capillary permeability to the point plasma proteins leak out c) edema due to > b.p.

3 main functions of Lymphatic System 1) _______________ 30 l leaks out/day… How many liters not reabsorbed back into blood directly? 2) _______________ Part of villi found in intestines 3) _______________ We will focus on this aspect Why do we have a Lymphatic (Immune ) System?

1) _____________ _______________ (no basement membrane and only loosely associated epithelia) 2) 3) How does lymph get back into the blood?

4) _________ ___________ push lymph towards heart 5) Major lymph vessels segregated into 2 routes, each entering… How does lymph get back into the blood?

“MALT” Diffuse L.T. Tonsils Lymph nodes Cellular components (ex. WBCs) What comprises the lymphatic system?

___________________: located below mucosa, around nodules and within nodes and spleen _________________: small clumps of dense lymphatic tissue (many lymphocytes, some macrophages, reticular cells etc.) ♪Born and raised in the Peyer’s patch♫ ? U. Mich. Med. School ______________: collections of lymph nodules associated with the distal small intestine and appendix

_________ are patches of dense lymphatic tissue They surround… Can become… Diminish in adults What are tonsils and do we really need them? Tonsilectomy

__________ are small structures in-line with lymph vessels They… Superficial clusters in: CA Metastasis!!! What is a lymph node…and do I have any?

Lymph nodes What is a lymph node…and do I have any?

Size Location Functions: Detects and responds to… Harbors… What’s so special about a spleen?

Aids in… What is so fasthinating thymuses? Positive & Negative selection Size Location Functions:

Immunity is… 2 Types… 1) _______________ Generic response to “invaders” = = 2) _______________ Specific response to specific “invaders” What does it mean to be “immune”?

Four basic aspects of Innate Immunity... 1) 2) 3) 4) Why is innate immunity a general response?

Mostly covered with ______ Natural openings Protected via: eyes = ears = nose = throat = others = What are the mechanisms of innate immunity? 1) _____________________ Pathogens need an entrance to the body!

Many of the former substances have chemical properties that also inhibit pathogens Examples: Tears and saliva = Others (see table 22.1) 2) ____________________ What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

Leukocytes originate where? Leukocytes reside in various places such as? They are effective where? In order to arrive where they need to… = to move or “arrange” in response to chemical signals Chemical signals include: complement, _____________, kinins, _________ 3) ____________________ What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

Important cellular function is _____________ Which Leukocytes are phagocytic? = small, 1st to arrive, “kamakazies”, release lysosomal enzymes, die easily = big cells w/ many lysosomes, can devour many particles, clean-up (including dead neutrophils) also: secrete chemicals interferon, complement etc. 3) Cellular Components (cont.) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

Other cell types involved: and = = = (______________) Motile (mast cells non-motile) Activated via innate OR adaptive immunity Release histamine, leukotrienes Motile, release enzymes breaking down basophil/mast cell products Recognize tumor cells, cells with viruses in them…not specific immunity! 3) Cellular Components (cont.) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity?

Fig Complex reaction involving previously mentioned ___________________. _________________ red, hot, swollen, pain, loss of function _________________ all of the above PLUS a) b) c) What are the mechanisms of innate immunity? 4) ________________

Now what was adaptive immunity again? Adaptive immunity has… ________ and _____________ Divided into 2 approaches for 2 different types of pathogens Extracellular (bacteria etc.) Intracellular (viruses, CA etc.) = =

Depends on antigens and their receptors _________ = substance that can cause an immune response (usually foreign can be self) __________ = polypeptide chains that can bind to specific antigenic determinants. On cell membranes and antibodies How is adaptive immunity specific and how does it remember?

Also utilize Major histo-compatibility molecules (_____ _______________) _______________ = “kill me” _______________ = “kill these guys”

Jenner’s Story… From milkbarn to history books

What are antibodies? … ________ ________ formed by B- cells (Plasma cells). Antibodies aid in __________ __________ in various ways... How do vaccines work?

3-14 days <3 days How do vaccines work?

T cells: How does cell-mediated immunity work?

T cells: _____________ cells bind to target cells and cause lysis. Also release cytokines _____________ persist & stay in circulation How does cell-mediated immunity work?

What are the different types of acquired immunity?