English Ms Lardner

CONTRACTIONS: Contractions are single words that result from combining two words and omitting one or more letters. RULE: When letters are left out, an apostrophe becomes part of the spelling. In “We’re #1” the apostrophe is taking the place of the “a” in are.

SUFFIXES: Suffixes are endings added to the root word. Your suffix begins With a vowel, you say? Then final ‘e’ usually Drops away. RULE: To drop or not to drop the final ‘e’ when adding suffixes? The first letter of your suffix is the handy clue; if it is a vowel, drop the ‘e’ before adding the suffix.

Q and U: Like birds of a feather, ‘q’ and ‘u’ stick together. RULE: The ‘qu’ letter combination id found in the beginning, middle and end of the words. The letters don’t always produce the same sound, but they are always used together.

There are 3 main differences in the speeling of words between Canadina spelling and American spelling: 1. “our” versus “or” (colour/color) 2. “s” versus “z” (summarise/summarize) 3. “re” versus “er” (centre/center)

When you’re making a plural, What do you do? It depends on the word You’re doing it to! Most regular nouns form their plurals by adding ‘s’ to the singular. (book---books) Nouns that end in ch, sh, s, x, z form their plurals by adding ‘es’. (church--- churches)

COMMON nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ and add ‘es’. (city---cities) If it is a PROPER noun (like a name) just add an ‘s’. (Mary---Marys) BOTH common and proper nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding ‘s’. (monkey---monkeys) Some nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ to ‘v’ and add ‘es’. (loaf---loaves)

Other nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ do not change the ‘f’, but merely add ‘s’. (roof---roofs) Most nouns ending in ‘o’ preceded by a consonant just add ‘es’. (potato---potatoes) Some words ending in ‘o’—often times musical terms—simply add an ‘s’. (piano—pianos) Nouns that end in ‘o’ preceded by a consonant add ‘s’. (cameo—cameos)

Compound nouns are those made of two or more words. All you usually do is add an ‘s’ to the most important word! (commander-in-chief—commanders-in-chief) Some compound nouns simply add ‘s’ at the end. (playground—playgrounds)

‘I’ before ‘e’ Except after ‘c’ Or when sounding like ‘a’ As in neighbor or weigh And except seize and seizure And also leisure Weird, height, and either Forfeit and neither

‘I’ before ‘e’…. Achieve Believe Relief Fierce Fiend Friend Chief Shriek Piece

…except after ‘c’… Conceit Ceiling Receive Deceit Deceive Perceive Receipt Conceive

…or when sounded like ‘a’ … Neighbor Weigh Freight Height Vein Weight Sleigh Reign

1. abate (v) 2. fen (n) 3. mangle (v) 4. abode (n) 5. fetlock (n) 6. muck (n) 7. abracadabra (i) 8. companion (n) 9. fearsome (adj) 10. zooplankton (n)

1. artless (adj) 2. catbird (n) 3. hardpan (n) 4. overcareful (adj) 5. tailgate (n) 6. tenderhearted (adj) 7. toastmaster (n) 8. aqueduct (n) 9. abnormalism (n) 10. electromagnetism (n)

Four Headings: 1. Word 2. Word-in-word evidence 3. Synonyms 4. My definition

EXAMPLE #1: Word: supertanker Word-in-word: super, tank, tanker Synonyms: super=big, great tank=a container My Definition: It is some type of big container

EXAMPLE #2: Word: antivaccinationism Word-in-word: anti, vaccine, tion, ism Synonyms: anti= against vaccination=medicine, needle My Definition: Someone who is against vaccinations

List #3 1. acknowledgment (n) 2. contemporary (adj) 3. forbidden (adj) 4. indignation (n) 5. intervention (n) 6. trustworthy (adj) 7. bovine (adj) 8. incline (v) 9. lumbar (adj) 10. skedaddle (v)

List #4 1. albacore 2. deduction 3. insertion 4. lubricant 5. qualification 6. abstain 7. educe 8. scattle 9. trestle 10. whoop

Rhyme Time For list #4, you need to know the spelling of all ten words and a rhyming word for each word. You also need to know the definition of five of the words. FOR EXAMPLE: Deduction: something that is reduced (deducted) reduction, auction

1. bibliography (n) 2. discrimination (n) 3. grindstone (n) 4. international (adj) 5. obligation (n) 6. reincarnation (n) 7. temperamental (adj) 8. tractability (adj) 9. grosbeak (n) 10. inflate (v)

1. bib-li-og-ra-phy 2. dis-crim-i-na-tion 3. grind-stone 4. in-ter-na-tion-al 5. ob-li-ga-tion 6. re-in-car-na-tion 7. tem-per-a-ment-al 8. trac-ta-bil-i-ty 9. gros-beak 10. in-flate

University Careful Hospital Wondering Shampoo Ordinary Publication

1. Vowel sounds can influence where syllables break off. 2. Syllable breaks often split two of the same letter (syl-la-ble). 3. Certain letter patterns regularly go together. 4. EVERY SYLLABLE NEEDS A VOWEL!

S PELLING L IST #6 1. ambassadorial (adj) 2. complication (n) 3. exhibition (n) 4. hydrofoil (n) 5. photomicrograph (n) 6. southwestwardly (adj) 7. thermodynamics (n) 8. unintelligible (adj) 9. compare (v) 10. geeky (adj)

1. am-bas-sa-dor-i-al 2. com-pli-ca-tion 3. ex-hi-bi-tion 4. hy-dro-foil 5. pho-to-mi-cro-graph 6. south-west-ward-ly 7. ther-mo-dy-nam-ics 8. un-in-tel-li-gi-ble 9. com-pare 10. geek-y