Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu UNISDR Towards a post 2015 Framework for DRR

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Consultations for Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (1/2) Consultation process engaging multiple stakeholders from 2012: online, local, national, regional and global. 112 consultative events in 2013 : conducted at the local, national and sub-regional level including at Global Platform held in May Consultations in 2014 mostly through Regional Platforms till end June and regional meetings: more specific on content. Two Intergovernmental Preparatory committee meetings: July 2014 and November 2014.

Consultations for Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2/2) Science and Technology Advisory Group, Global Assessment Report Private Sector Advisory Group, Parliamentarians Advisory Group Hyogo Framework for Action Advisory Group Consultations, expert advice, evidence from HFA Monitor, Global Assessment Reports led to the SRSG’s Proposed Elements for a Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

Key learning Downward trend in mortality risk due to enhanced capacities in early warning, preparedness, response. Increase in hazard exposure, related economic loss & damage due to private and public investments related to economic growth –increased losses from intensive risk. Poor management of urban development, environmental degradation, poverty, inequality, weak governance leading to increasing losses from extensive risk. Both development and disaster risk reduction have not been sustainable and effective.

Sustainable development goals cannot be achieved without managing disaster risk. Critical need to shift from shielding social and economic development from disasters to one of transforming development to manage risks, strengthen resilience. Risk insensitive investments will critically influence future levels of risk Take opportunity to synchronize with the post‐2015 sustainable development agenda and goals and climate change framework. Need to address drivers of risk to halt increase of climate‐related and other losses. HFA learning /evidence can guide risk management practices in development planning and investment. Key messages

Proposed Elements for post 2015 DRR Framework (1/2) 5 guiding principles, a redefinition of the expected outcome, 3 strategic goals and priorities for action Outcome: Secure, healthy, wealthy and resilient nations and communities. Three complementary strategic areas: 1.Risk prevention and the pursuit of development pathways that minimise disaster risk generation; 2.Risk reduction, i.e. actions to address existing accumulations of disaster risk; 3.Strengthened resilience, i.e. actions that enable nations and communities to absorb loss and damage, minimise impacts and bounce forward.

Proposed Elements for post 2015 DRR Framework (2/2) Critical public policies that address disaster risk prevention, risk reduction, strengthen resilience Define responsibilities, strengthen accountability Governance frameworks to include national and local governments, civil society, private sector, science, academic sector, others Enhance monitor system, determine disaster losses, damages, impacts on the economy, the environment and social welfare. Adapt a monitoring arrangement through the same process and UN governance bodies : post‐2015 development agenda and goals; climate change mitigation Voluntary commitments at the regional and global levels by all stakeholders integrated into the World Conference overall outcome.

Consultation process in the Asia-Pacific region Phase I - 25 national governments 7 local governments, 3 Inter Governmental Organisations (IGO’s), 11 other stakeholders – CSO s, academia, business Phase II - 7 key area topics probed possible ways forward : 16 national governments, 4 local governments, 1 IGO and 25 other stakeholder groups. 1.Building community resilience – turning vulnerability into resilience (IFRC) 2.Sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction integration (ADPC) 3.Local level action (ADRRN) 4.Women as a force in resilience building, gender equality in DRR (Duryog Nivaran) 5.Reducing exposure/underlying factors (Kyoto University ) 6.Strengthening risk governance and accountability (ADRRN) 7. Incentivising DRR in the private sector (ESCAP & ADPC) I

Asia-Pacific inputs to HFA2 Goal: Building the resilience of nations and communities Overarching guiding principle: Risk sensitive development as the cornerstone to build the resilience of nations and communities. 5 Key recommendations A set of recommended actions under each key recommendation I

Strengthening resilience Key message: Taking a resilience approach to address disaster and climate risks at the national and community levels in framing of HFA2 will support sustainable development. Recommendations: Community resilience approaches should be institutionalized and integrated in multiple sectors at the local level Long-term perspective:national and local strategies, legal frameworks, resources for building community resilience Monitoring indicators for community resilience aligned with SDGs

Integration of sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change -HFA called for mainstreaming DRR into climate change and development policies and planning. -Relatively better progress on DRR-CCA integration -Weak in development integration -Recommendation: move beyond mainstreaming to integration of disaster risk reduction, sustainable development and climate change.

Risk prevention and risk reduction Region specific economic growth aspects leading to increased exposure to risk Complex population and natural resource dynamics, poverty, socio economic considerations – increasing vulnerability Mutually re- enforcing cumulative impacts of extensive risk – poverty- vulnerability Recommendation: Disaster and climate risk sensitive development interventions

Economic growth strategies substantial private investments large scale, SME s Considerable share of investments in coastal areas, flood planes, highly populated areas Strategies for increased engagement of the private sector to: Minimising risk creation Strengthen business resilience Recommendations: - Enforce risk sensitive legislation: land use plans, building codes - Economic incentives for disaster-resilient practices - Engage and support SMEs: less capacity, community embedded, more vulnerable to hazards - Strengthen risk financing mechanisms Better engage the private sector

Local level action Main observation: Most progress at national level, institutions, plans, policies Call for strong focus on implementation: Institutionalize DRR-CC- SD integration at the local level, turn policy into practice Critical importance of enforcing regulations, standards, tools and guidelines to support implementation Social inclusion, participation, strong local partnerships Decentralization and devolution of authority alongside improved governance structures

Strengthening the role of women - Strong call for social inclusion of all groups- women, children, elderly, differently abled - Demand for a stand-alone message and actions for a special focus on women For the reasons: Deep rooted social, cultural, political factors specifically severe for women’s access, participation, gender-based violence Proven capacity, skills for resilience building Recommendations: Inclusion of women, gender equality within DRR-CC-SDG integration, in strengthening local level action, in setting up accountability mechanisms.

Risk governance and accountability Main observations: Disaster risk reduction – issue of governance, inter-related with development governance Severe lack of accountability - no institution is held accountable for the risk and impact of disasters which could have been avoided or reduced Specific risk governance challenges: -Translation of national policies into action at the local level -Addressing trans-boundary risks, cross sector integration in planning and implementation, effective enforcement of regulations and codes, environmental resources management, social inclusion

Conclusion The consultations confirm the learning from HFA1, that transforming development to be risk sensitive is a prerequisite to address underlying risk factors towards strengthening community resilience and ensuring sustainable development

Recommendations Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters Support strategies to promote the integration of disaster risk reduction, climate change and sustainable development Make public and private investments, social and economic development interventions disaster and climate risk sensitive to achieve community resilience Strengthen efforts for risk prevention and risk reduction with the increased engagement of the private sector Strengthen local level action social inclusion with specific emphasis on inclusion of women Improve risk governance and accountability

Promote the integration of disaster risk reduction, climate change and sustainable development 1.1 Collect comprehensive risk information, multiple hazard-risks planning,include technological, human-induced and natural hazards and climate risks 1.2.Standardize DRR-CC-SD terminologies, data platforms and information 1.3.Develop and implement tools that monitor and track budgetary allocations for DRR across the development spectrum and use that information to better inform investments 1.4.Develop and agree on common/coherent targets and indicators for measuring progress on DRR, CC, and SDG integration outcomes 1.5.Consider and address trans-boundary risks through the regional and global cooperation mechanisms (IGO mechanisms connected with the global agreements)

Disaster and climate risk sensitive development interventions 2.1 Reinforce disaster and climate risk-sensitive planning, implementation and monitoring at all levels as central to development 2.2 Ensure that legislation covering different development areas, environmental resource management, land use planning, building codes, and other structural standards are effectively enforced 2.3 Develop and apply tools that monitor and track budgetary allocations for DRR across the development spectrum, to better inform investments

Increased engagement of the private sector for risk prevention and risk reduction 3.1 Engage large, medium and small businesses in a dialogue on risk management to share knowledge and information, build capacity, and identify opportunities for building resilience 3.2Assess the potential of incentives and regulations to promote disaster resilience investment and improved business resilience -through adoption of standards, business continuity planning 3.3Identify ways of strengthening and promoting the adoption and use of tools such as risk transfer and risk insurance

Strengthen local level action, social inclusion 4.1 Improve risk management implementation at the local level 4.2Build the capacity of the local government officials 4.3Use mechanisms such as social safety nets to reduce risks 4.4Develop common definition and indicators to measure community resilience 4.5 Promote inclusion and participation: focus on groups historically marginalized - women, youth, children, elderly, people with disabilities

Inclusion of women, gender equality 4.6Make the use of sex and age disaggregated data and gender analysis mandatory as a planning tool 4.7Strengthen knowledge, awareness, skills, tools and finances for gender integration in the regular planning, implementation and monitoring systems. 4.8 Strengthen national and local policies, legislation and regulatory frameworks in support of women’s empowerment as stipulated within the global agreements.

Improve risk governance and accountability 5.1 Encourage decentralized and devolved institutional structures and mechanisms to empower local governments 5.2 Develop clear accountability mechanisms horizontally and vertically 5.3 Build the transparency of risk management and risk reduction activities 5.4 Increase public awareness to hold the local and national governments accountable for effective risk management 5.5 Include disaster and climate risk aspects in the development sector laws as a measure of accountability for integration 5.6 Develop indicators to measure the effectiveness of DRR- CC-SDG integrated approach to community resilience

To be discussed - Do these messages, conclusions, recommendations reflect the status and priority needs in the Asia region? - Do they adequately capture the learning of the past and way forward in post 2015? - Do the recommended actions support achieving the goal of resilience building?