THE WAR EXPANDS Chapter 7-2

THE FRENCH STILL ANGRY LOST FRENCH & INDIAN WAR FRENCH GAVE SECRET AID TO AMERICANS AFTER BATTLE SARATOGA – FRENCH BECAME AN OPEN ALLY HELP FROM ABROAD

FRANCE & SPAIN ENTER THE WAR 1778 – King Louis XVI of France – signed treaties of alliance with Americans and supplied funds, supplies, troops 1779 – France convinced Spain to also ally with Americans BUT...France & Spain wanted more than to just help – they wanted to expand their own empires

EUROPEAN ALLIES French Spanish German Polish Spanish General Bernardo de Galvez – captured British stronghold Natchez & Baton Rouge & Pensacola French Marquis de Lafayette – became confident and friend of Washington German Baron de Kalb – became one of Washington’s Generals BRITISH HAD TO SPREAD RESOURCES OVER MANY FRONTS ON LAND & SEA

WINTER at VALLEY FORGE When British General Howe captured Philadelphia, Washington’s army retreated to camp Valley Forge Some Soldiers had no shoes, only 1 blanket, little food. Many got sick and died from Malnutrition, exposure or disease – 2500 to 3000 Congress slow to offer supplies – so private citizens brought food and clothing

EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE DESERTERS – THE ARMY STAYED TOGETHER BARON VON STEUBEN – TAUGHT THEM TO FIGHT USING BRITISH TACTICS AFTER THE WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE, AMERICANS WERE MORE EFFICIENT FIGHTERS AND INSPIRED TO CONTINUE THE FIGHT Suffering at Valley Forge American Endured Hardships

1775 – DANIEL BOONE OPENED WILDERNESS ROAD FROM VIRGINIA TO KENTUCKY 1777 – GEORGE ROGERS CLARK – PERSUADED VIRGINIA GOVERNOR PATRICK HENRY CLARK LED ARMY TO CAPTURE BRITISH OUTPOSTS ON WESTERN FRONTIER FRONTIER FIGHTING

MAY 1778 – CLARK CAPTURED BRITISH FORT KASKASKIA ON MISSISSIPPI FEBRUARY 1779 – CLARK CAPTURED BRITISH FORT VINCENNES THESE VICTORIES GAVE AMERICANS A HOLD ON AREA BETWEEN GREAT LAKES AND OHIO RIVER CLARK’s ARMY

BRITISH HAD 200 WARSHIPS OFF AMERICAN COAST AMERICAN NAVY SMALL SO CONGRESS ENCOURAGED PRIVATEERS TO ATTACK BRITISH MERCHANT SHIPS MORE THAN 1000 PRIVATEERS CAPTURED BRITISH SHIPS, SOLD CARGO AND SHARED MONEY WAR on the WAVES

AMERICAN NAVAL OFFICER INSPIRED AMERICANS BY SAILING OVER ATLANTIC TO ATTACK BRITISH AT THEIR HOME FAMOUS BATTLE – JONES’ SHIPS AND BRITISH SHIP BLASTING EACH OTHER FOR 3 ½ HOURS JONES “I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT!” JONES WON! JOHN PAUL JONES