University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 1 Lecture Outline Mathematical Expressions String Concatenation Built-in Functions Planning for Programming Debugging Decisions (Branching/Selection) If – Then – Else ElseIf Select Case

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 2 Mathematical Expressions iAns = 3 + 2*(iNum/4) precedence order ( )Brackets ^Exponentiation -Negation / *Division and Multiplication in order of occurrence \Integer division ModDivision remainder (modulus) + -Addition and Subtraction in order of occurrence

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 3 Mathematical Expressions vAns becomes vAns = 5 ^ 2 25 vAns = 8 / 2 4 vAns = 81 / vAns = 9 \ 6 1 vAns = 9 Mod 6 3 vAns = 3 \ 5 * 2 0 vAns = 4 * 5 Mod 2 ^ 3 4 vAns = (1 + 2) ^ (3 \ 4) 1 vAns = ^ 2 \ 4 3 vAns = 10 * (4 + 2) / 3 20 vAns = * 2 / 3 ^ 2 3

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 4 String Concatenation Dim sFullName, sName As String Concatenation sFullName = “Homer” & “Simpson” sFullName = “Homer” & “ “ & “Simpson” Concatenation and Replacement sName = InputBox(“Enter your name:”) sName = “Name: ” & sName Output on two lines sFullName = “Homer” & vbNewLine & “Simpson”

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 5 String Functions sText = “Hi, Snipe” Len(string) returns integer iVal = Len(sText) 9 Left(string, length) returns string sVal = Left(sText, 5) “Hi, S” Right(string, length) returns string sVal = Right(sText, 2) “pe”

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 6 String Functions Assume: sText = “Hi, Snipe” Mid(string, start[, length]) returns string sVal = Mid(sText, 3, 4) “, Sn” sVal = Mid(sText, 3) “, Snipe” InStr(start, string1, string2) returns int iPos = InStr(1, sText, “,”) 3 iPos = InStr(1, sText, “b”) 0 (not found)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 7 String Function Example sName = “Hunter, Andria” How would you extract “Andria”? find position of comma vCommAt = InStr(1, sName, “,”) use Mid starting 2 characters after comma vFirstName = Mid(sName, vCommAt+2) Alternate method – nest the function vFirstName = Mid(sName, Instr(1, sName, “,”)+2)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 8 Type Conversion Functions Format(number, format) returns string Format( , “$###.00”) “$123.88” Format( , “0.0”) “123.9” Format( ,”Currency”) “$123.88” Val(string) returns number Val(“125 lbs”) 125 Val(“65”) 65 Str(number)returns string Str(365) “365”

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 9 Type Mismatch Errors When value assigned to variable does not match the variable’s declaration type Dim iNum As Integer iNum = 15 iNum = 21.6 rounds to integer iNum = “CSC A01F” type mismatch error iNum = “8.7” converts to numeric Dim sText As String sText = 12.9 converts to string

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 10 Planning for Programming 1. Observe process to be automated 2. Draw Flowchart 3. Write Pseudo Code 4. Edit Code with VBA Editor 5. Run and Test analysis design programming testing maintenance

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 11 Observe the Process State problem: Given cost of materials & labour, and knowing markup for overhead & profit, determine price to bid. Identify formula: Price = (Materials + Labour) * (1 + Overhead + Profit) Price = Cost + OH + Profit Identify Variables - entered by user  Material cost  Labour cost Identify Constants - set by programmer  Overhead percentage (85%)  Profit percentage (30%)

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 12 Observe the Process Having identified: Formula to Use Variables Constants Define specifically: Inputs – items the user will enter Outputs – form and media

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 13 Flow Charts Schematic drawing of the process Decisions Start or Stop Process steps Data Input/Output Predefined Process use standard symbols flow from top to bottom connect with arrows

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 14 Problem: Get Coffee! Any task can be flow- charted Each step could have its own chart Decision introduces a branch (selection) Start Decide you need a cup of coffee Get cup Go to coffee pot Is pot empty? Fill cup No End Yes Make coffee

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 15 Problem: Cost Model Start Get user inputs  Material  Labour Determine total cost Determine bid price Output results Quit Start Get: Labour cost Material cost Determine: Total cost Bid Price Show Bid Price Quit

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 16 Pseudo Code Display message showing [vPrice] [vCost] = [vLabour] + [vMaterial] [vPrice] = [vCost]*(1+[dOH]+[dPROFIT]) Ask user for labour cost [vLabour] and material cost [vMaterial] Write steps, formulas needed Pseudo Code often ends up as comments in the VBA code Start Get: Labour cost Material cost Determine: Total cost Bid Price Show Bid Price Quit

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 17 Sub BidPrice() Dim vLabour, vMaterial, vCost, vPrice Const dOH = 0.85 Const dPROFIT = 0.3 'Ask user for labour cost and material cost vLabour = InputBox("Enter the labour cost:") vMaterial = InputBox("Enter the cost of materials:") 'Total cost is labour plus materials vCost = Val(vLabour) + Val(vMaterial) 'Price is total cost, with overhead and profit markup vPrice = vCost * (1 + dOH + dPROFIT) 'Display message showing bid price MsgBox "Bid price is " & Format(vPrice, “Currency”) End Sub Write VBA Code

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 18 Run and Test Run the program Test with different inputs  confirm the logic is correct  confirm there are no bugs The program should not crash!!

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 19 Debugging Debug Toolbar Breakpoints Observed Values Watches Step Into Step Over

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 20 Debugging Step Into: process one line Debug Toolbar Breakpoint Yellow: next line to process Observed value: cursor on object Watch an expression

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 21 Conditional Expression Evaluates to true or false used to make a decision Formed by using a comparison operator: = > = <= true iValue <= iCount ? “apple” < “cat” true Range(“B2”) = Range(“B3”) ?

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 22 If-Then Execute code only if condition is true If condition Then Actions if condition is true End If dPrice = InputBox(“Enter Price:”) If dPrice > 1000 Then MsgBox “Too expensive!” End If

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 23 If-Then Flow chart branches forward Dim sName As String sName = Inputbox(“Name?”) If sName = “” Then sName = Inputbox(“Name?”) End If Range(“B3”) = sName Start Get user name Is name empty? Write name to cell B3 End Get user name Yes No

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 24 If-Then-Else Selects one of two choices If condition Then Actions if condition is true Else Actions if condition is false End If

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 25 If-Then-Else Flow chart takes one of two paths If Range(“B3”) < 0 Then Range(“B3”).Font.ColorIndex = 3 Else Range(“B3”).Font.ColorIndex = 1 End If Is value negative? Set text color to black Yes No Set text color to red

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 26 If-Then-Else Example Determine which message to display Dim sName, sOut As String sName = InputBox (“What’s your name?”) If sName = “” Then sOut = “You didn’t enter a name!” Else sOut = “Welcome, ” & sName & “.” End if MsgBox sOut

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 27 MsgBox(prompt, buttons, title)  returns int vAns = MsgBox(“It’s raining.”, vbOKOnly, “Raining”) vAns = MsgBox(“Is it raining?”, vbYesNo, “Raining”) vAns = MsgBox(“I said RAIN!”, vbOKCancel, “Raining”) What is returned? vbOK, vbYes, vbNo, vbCancel MsgBox Function

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 28 MsgBox If-Then Example Examine value returned by MsgBox and take an appropriate action iAns = MsgBox(“Is it raining?”, vbYesNo) If iAns = vbYes Then sOut = “Help, it’s raining!” Else sOut = “Yippee, it’s dry!” End if MsgBox sOut

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 29 Select only one of a number of options Stops when first true condition encountered iQuantity = InputBox(“Enter Quantity:“) If iQuantity <= 25 Then dDiscount = 0.10 ElseIf iQuantity <= 50 Then dDiscount = 0.15 ElseIf iQuantity <= 75 Then dDiscount = 0.20 Else dDiscount = 0.25 End If MsgBox “Discount is “ & Format(dDiscount, ”Percent”) If–Then-ElseIf-Else

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 30 Multiple Choice Get Colour Is Colour Green ? Is Colour Red ? No Is Colour Blue ? No Set text color to Blue Yes Set text color to Green Set text color to Red Yes

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 31 Multiple Choice Use ElseIf to select sMyColour = InputBox (“Colour?”) If sMyColour = “Green” Then Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbGreen ElseIf sMyColour = “Red” Then Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbRed ElseIf sMyColour = “Blue” Then Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbBlue End If

University of Toronto at Scarborough © Andria Hunter, Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCA01 VBA-2 32 Multiple Choice Or use Select Case sMyColour = InputBox (“Colour?”) Select Case sMyColour Case “Green” Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbGreen Case “Red” Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbRed Case “Blue” Range(“B3”).Font.Color = vbBlue End Select