Nutrition

Do Now What are the 5 basic food groups? Give 3 example foods for each group

Do Now

Homework Status on Digestive System Research Papers

Metabolism Metabolism – a broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life Catabolism – substances are broken down to simpler substances Broken bonds create energy Anabolism – larger molecules or structures are built from other molecules or structures

Body Energy Balance When fuel is burned, it takes oxygen and releases heat Apply this to the body… Energy intake = total energy output TEO = Heat + work + energy stored

Energy Intake v. Output Intake occurs from glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Output occurs from: Lost heat (approx 60% of total) Energy used to do work (ATP) Energy stored in the form of fat or glycogen

Energy Intake v. Output When intake = output  body weight remains relatively stable No receptors in the body are able to sense the body’s total calorie intake

Basal Metabolic Rate BMR is the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time, while the body is at rest Basically the individuals necessary energy supply to perform essential life activities Breathing, heartbeat, kidney function Some factors that increase BMR: Male Young age Strong emotions of anger/fear

Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism – results due to the excessive metabolic rate Breaks down fats and tissue proteins Causes hunger (excessive eating) but the individual still tends to lose weight Hypothyroidism – Slower metabolism, obesity and slower brain function

Total Metabolic Rate Fact of the matter is, we all don’t just live to breath and have our heart beat TMR refers to the total amount of Calories the body consumes to fuel all physical activities When a trained athlete exercises for several minutes, TMR can increase times normal

Carb Metabolism Body uses carbs as the preferred source of fuel to produce energy Glucose  ATP

Carb Metabolism All carbon leaves in the form of carbon dioxide All hydrogens combine with oxygen to form water A lot of energy in Hydrogen bonds Krebs Cycle In Mitochondria – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain In Mitochondria – 28 ATP Longer process

Fat Metabolism Handled by the liver in a few different ways: 1. Use some fat to create ATP 2. Create a clotting protein 3. Cholesterol 4. Release some to the blood

Fat Metabolism Body removes fat and cholesterol from the blood to create membranes or hormones Form myelin sheaths Stored fat yields twice as much energy as Carbs or proteins

Homework Complete Draft for Digestive System Disease research essay Due Thursday Any and all missing work due for class Thursday