Body Composition Chapter 6

Lecture Objectives 1. Define fat-free mass, essential fat, and non- essential fat and describe their functions in the body. 2. Explain how body composition affects overall health and wellness and explain the risks of being overfat and risks of being underfat. 3. Describe how body composition is measured and assessed. 4. Explain how to determine recommended body weight and body fat distribution. 5. Define the term “creeping obesity”. 6. Explain gender differences in location of body fat and disease risk.

Typical Body Composition Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Creeping Obesity Physical activity decreases and leads to a decrease in metabolic rate. If energy expenditure drops more than energy intake, weight gain will occur. Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.

Health Risks Associated with Being Overfat Coronary heart disease Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Cancer Diabetes healthy heart diseased heart Corbin, C.B. (2004). Concepts of Fitness and Wellness.

Body Composition and Cancer Mortality Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education BMI and Risk of Type II Diabetes

Body Fat Distribution and Chronic Disease Location of fat is important to health

What can excess body fat do to a person’s health and wellness?

Problems Associated with Very Low Levels of Body Fat Reproductive, circulatory, and immune system disorders Too little body fat = Less than 10–12% for women Less than 5% for men Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Female Athlete Triad Condition consisting of three interrelated disorders Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Body Composition Assessment

Skinfold Measurements

Underwater Weighing Bod Pod

DEXA

Estimates Used in Lab Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BMI = Weight (kg) Height (m2) Body Mass Index Waist-to-Hip Ratio

Levels of Body Fatness, YOA WomenMen Essential8-12%3-5% Low/athletic13-20%6-7% Recommended21-32%8-19% Overfat33-38%20-24% Obese≥39%≥25 Table 6.2, page 175

Body Composition Assessment Implications of Results Values are: Proper uses of results:

Physical Activity and Body Composition

Physical Activity, Overweight, and Risk of Death Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Obesity and Exercise Activity improves health for people who are normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Making Changes Realistic goals Check with your physician before setting a goal Little at a time Healthy lifestyle Include: Regular physical activity, endurance exercise, and strength training Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 6 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Lecture Summary 1. Define fat-free mass, essential fat, and non- essential fat and describe their functions in the body. 2. Explain how body composition affects overall health and wellness and explain the risks of being overfat and risks of being underfat. 3. Describe how body composition is measured and assessed. 4. Explain how to determine recommended body weight and body fat distribution. 5. Define the term “creeping obesity”. 6. Explain gender differences in location of body fat and disease risk.