Organic Chemistry 3 suffixes indicate the type of carbon-to- carbon bonds in the molecule. ane = single bonds-C‒C- ene = double bonds-C=C- yne = triple bonds-C≡C- Examples: Ethane: H 3 C‒CH 3 Ethene: H 2 C=CH 2 (colloquially called “ethylene”) Ethyne: H-C≡C-H (colloquially called “acetylene”)

Prefix indicates number of carbons – meth = 1 – eth = 2 – prop = 3 – but = 4 – pent = 5 – hex = 6 – hep = 7 – oct = 8 – non = 9 – dec = 10

Organic Molecules: Examples Methane: CH 4 One carbon, single bonds Propene: H 2 C=CH- CH 3 Three carbons, a double bond Butyne: H 3 C-C≡C-CH 3 Four carbons, a triple bond

Types of Organic Compounds Other common organic families: Cyclic molecules: – cycloalkanes – cycloalkenes – cycloalkynes Alcohols: Have hydroxyl (–OH) group substitution; ending “ol”. Amines: Have amino (-NH 2 ) group substitution; ending “amine”. Thiols: Have (-SH) group substitution; ending “thiol”. Ethers: A carbon atom is substituted by an oxygen atom; ending “ether”.

Propanol Butyl amine Ethanethiol Butanal Pentanoic Acid Methyl ethyl ether* Pentyl acetate Ethyl propyl ketone* * Not the formal name Examples: