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Evolution ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie Lec 13 13Feb02

Natural selection N 0100 a characteristic selection

Antibiotic resistance in disease bacteria

Insecticide resistance disease vectors

Insecticide resistance disease vectors agricultural pests

Pests evolve pesticide resistance r-strategists evolve most rapidly

Genetic variation is “raw material”

Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

Genetic variation is “raw material” Environment “edits” the population

natural selection continuous competition

Natural selection continuous competition between membersof the same species between members of the same species

Natural selection continuous competition between members of the same species

Natural selection N 0100 a characteristic selection Selection forces ?

Selection forces Natural selection Physical environmental factors e.g weather Density-independent limiting factors Physical environmental factors e.g weather

Selection forces Natural selection Physical environmental factors Density-independent limiting factors Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation

Food chain E producer primary secondary consumer autotrophherbivorepredator respiration decomposition parasites each trophic level regulates population of its prey each trophic level selects its prey

Selection forces Natural selection Physical environmental factors Density-independent limiting factors Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation competition between species

Competition between species

pests vs. us pests vs. us Competition between species

weeds vs. us weeds vs. us pests vs. us pests vs. us

Selection forces Natural selection Physical environmental factors Density-independent limiting factors Density-dependent limiting factors disease predation competition between species

The ecological theater The evolutionary drama An ecosystem

But, how can “random” processes design complex structures?

But, how can “random” processes design complex structures? Isn’t this like expecting a bunch of monkeys locked in a room with typewriters to eventually type out Hamlet’s soliloquy? Actually one monkey with a computer could do it -- if it were arranged like natural selection

monkey, typing computer

q Don’t Save

m

t Save

t

tk Don’t Save

t

to Save

to

toq Don’t Save

that is the question tobe or not to be

that is the question tobe or not to be

Evolution by Natural Selection is not random Selection is non-randomnon-random