Marine Food Resources: Fisheries: Highly useful source of human nutrition (about 4% of human protein source) Fishes (sardine, herring, anchovy, mackerel,

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Presentation transcript:

Marine Food Resources: Fisheries: Highly useful source of human nutrition (about 4% of human protein source) Fishes (sardine, herring, anchovy, mackerel, salmon, tuna, cod, flounder etc.)Fishes Mollusks (shelled creatures: oysters, mussels, clams; and squids/octopus) Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, and lobsters) Economic Impact: 15 million jobs; $70 billion dollars in ~ 100 million metric tons caught annually.

50% of world catch by: 1.China 2.Japan 3.Peru 4.Chile 5.Russia 6.U.S

High Technology, Global scale fisheries are now well established but: cost/unit has increased annual harvests are declining and per capita catch is rapidly declining catch is decreasing, population continues to increase $224 billion spent to generate $70 billion in fish

Peru Sardine

Pacific herring and mackeral

Impact of global warming Maximum Sustainable Yield: fundamental concept for renewable resource exploitation:Maximum Sustainable Yield Over fishing => depletion of breeding stock below that required for replenishment of the species - North Atlantic Cod fishery Pacific Northwest Salmon (E&S) and King crab fisheryE&S

Peru Anchovy

Pacific Sardine : Commercial extinctionPacific Sardine Whale industry successive fishing of species to commercial extinction 1986 International Whaling Commission stop killing of large whales Still fishing whales - Japan, Norway, Iceland, Native Alaskans

Drift Nets: Marine food resource "strip mining" ghost nets and pirates still doing this Bycatch: discarded catch of non-selective fishing gearBycatch

Tragedy of the Commons Depleted fisheries cause fisherman to increase harvest, which further depletes fisheries which causes fisherman to increase harvest, which further depletes fisheries, etc. etc "The tragedy of the commons" Benefits are reaped by the individual Costs are shared communally

No incentive to conserve Only solution - informed populace - Communication, scientifically understood population and regulations, incentives (to help the resource) universal acceptance monitoring and enforcement divide up the oceans?

Finfish: catfish Salmon trout Shellfish/Crustaceans clams crawfish mussels oysters shrimp Seaweed - kelp (algin) (E&S)kelpE&S Aquaculture: farming plants or animals in controlled conditionsanimals ~ 10% of commercial food resource

Seaweed - kelp (algin); Drugskelp