Practice SAC Written Report FOCUS – Analysis of individual and community patterns of participants. (using data)

Question 1 (5 marks) a)The answer should present the following main points: -Promote involvement in PA, enhance environments & increase access to activity opportunities -Research has indicated that participation in any form of PA at any level from mod intensity upwards but within an individuals lifestyle has potential health gains.

Question 1b (3 marks) b)One mark for each group identified The specific groups covered by the NPAG are: -Adults -Children and Youth -Overweight and obese adults -Older people

Question 1c (8 marks) c)One mark for stating each dimension and one mark for the recommendation within the dimension for that particular group. The answer should focus on one group’s recommendations. (see next slides)

Adult recommendations F – 5-7 days per week I – Moderate (vigorous for 3-4 days per week for 30 minutes) T – 30 minutes (can be accumulated in 10 minute bouts) T – a range of activities across all domains (older adults should follow these guidelines however; it is important to include strength, balance and load bearing activities)

Children and Youth recommendations F – every day I – Moderate to vigourous T – 60 minutes up to several hours per day (can be accumulated across the day) also no more than 2 hours using electronic media T – range of activities including weight bearing, impact type activities

Overweight & Obese Adult recommendations F- every day I- low moderate but dependant on participants fitness T- 60 minutes (can be accumulated across the day) T – Include aerobic type activities

Older People recommendations F- most days I – moderate T – 30 minutes (can be accumulated across the day) T – Include aerobic type activities but also include strength and balance)

Question 1d (3 marks) One mark for each reason identified. Lifestyle commitments such as study, family and work pressures Reluctance to exercise due to body image issues Lack of time due to poor choice of leisure time activities

Question 1 e (4 marks) e) One mark for indentifying each relevant point (2 points) and one mark for a brief but clear explanation of the point. Possible answers: Increased medical costs to look after people with increased incidence of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular conditions Less people being PA – reduced numbers of children therefore leading to less adults participating in organised sport. This will result in a reduced performance of Aust sport & Aust’s high level of sport at International level as well

e continued… Reduced social benefits – people lacking social skills, lessened family values and greater isolation and tiredness. Increased weight and increased size as society would be less likely to choose exercise Increased traffic congestion, greater air pollution and greenhouse emissions Reduced employment and greater absenteeism

Question 2 (4 marks) One mark for each dimension defined. This question appears similar to Q 1c however you MUST explain the dimension NOT just STATE it or RESTATE the recommendations for one of the groups. F – Frequency – how many times per week I – Intensity – How hard the activity is undertaken T – Duration – How often the activity is undertaken per day or per week T- Type – The specific activity that is undertaken. Eg cycling, gardening.

Question 3 (8 marks) Two marks for each dimension. 2 marks for a clear explanation of difference. This could be presented in a table instead of discussion. As the individual ages from childhood the frequency reduces from everyday to most (5) days although overweight people need to exercise everyday. The intensity of exercise is highest for children and the guidelines deem that as a person ages the required intensity decreases. The duration is also highest for children (60 min to 2-3 hours), 60 minutes for overweight/obese and 30 minutes for adults. In all cases, the time may be accumulated throughout the day.

Question 3 continued…. The required type includes a range of activities for all groups except there is a focus on including weight bearing impact activities for children and aerobic activities for overweight adults.

Question 4 (4 marks) Two marks for each list correctly ranked) 5-12 Year OldsRank12-18 Year OldsRank Football1Basketball1 2Other sports2 Swimming3Football3 Netball4Cricket4 5Tennis=5 Tennis=6Netball=5 Other sports=6Dance=7 Athletics8Soccer=7 Soccer9None=7 Martial Arts=10Swimming=10 Dance=10Martial Arts=10 None=10Athletics12

Question 4 b (4 marks) One mark for each correctly identified point Most popular sports – football (5-12 year olds), basketball (12-18 year olds). Least popular sports – martial arts, dance, none (5-12 year olds), athletics (12-18 year olds)

Question 4c (1 mark per correct observation) There are many possible answers (discuss). These include; pursue a greater variety of sports (higher other %), less percentage play traditional main-stream Australian sports, play more team sports.

Question 4d (2 marks available here) Younger children would participate in activities where the main focus would be on learning skills and enjoying participation in the activity. Teams would probably be school based / orientated. Participate in ‘play’ activities Secondary school aged children are usually members of clubs outside of school – members of the team may or may not attend the same school. Less likely to participate in ‘play’ for its own sake. Make their choices based on what they think and more on what others think.

Question 5 a) 1 mark. Class average for the week– 10, steps b) 1 mark. The average steps taken by the group indicate that the group has met the 10,000 steps per day guideline c) 11 out of 20 students meet or exceed the 10,000 step guideline. Therefore 55% (answer must be given as a %)

Question 5d (3 marks) Pedometers assess only one type of PA behaviour like walking or running. Swimming, rowing or cycling cannot be measured using pedometers. There is no information about the freq, intensity or duration of the activity undertaken A step is recorded regardless of the magnitude of the pace (the step, running stride or leap/jump) undertaken

Question 5e (2 marks) Students could be ill or injured Working at school that involves staying in one room for most of the day A day at school is mainly sedentary A lazy or very active student A student who is involved in sports training Students who have to move around a lot to many classrooms in a day at school

Question 6 (3 marks) One mark for each activity. Any activity, particularly wake board, that would not register on a pedometer; surfing, swimming, paddling, rowing, surf ski paddling or cycling

Question 7 (8 marks) One mark for each method identified & correct description of PA measurement method. SUBJECTIVE METHODS Self reporting – recording own PA using a log book or diary. Recall – participants remember which PA they engaged in during the previous day, week, month or year using a log book, a telephone, diary or administered by an interviewer.

Question 7 continued Proxy reports – information of activity behaviours of children provided by parents to an interviewer, a log book or website OBJECTIVE METHODS Heart rate telemetry – subjects wear heart rate monitoring devices (eg polar) and a constant output of heart rate is displayed. Pedometer – a device worn on the hip that records the number or steps a person takes.

Question 7 continued Accelerometers – a device worn on the hip that records variations in motion. Direct observation – involves watching people’s (usually children) behaviours in various activities, trained observers follow a defined sampling method and look for specific actions to record. Observation (SOPLAY) – observers record play and classify activity of groups in a specific area during specific intervals eg netball court at lunchtime.

Question 8 (4 marks) One mark for a clear accurate explanation of each advantage (2) or disadvantage (2). See following slides

Objective measures OBECTIVE MEASURESADVANTAGES Accurate measurement of data Non invasive Easy to use Able to use for long periods of time (pedom. & accel.) Generally simple & quick Computer software allows for easy input of data DISADVANTAGES Cost Not always possible to measure large groups at same time No record of what people were doing during measurement (restricted to walking – pedometer) Dependent on observer reliability

Subjective measures SUBJECTIVE MEASURESADVANTAGES Can be cheaply, easily and quickly completed by small or large groups about any qualitative or quantative data Specific physical behaviours can be observed Recording can be quickly collected & analysed DISADVANTAGES Unreliable due to possible misinterpretation Inaccurate recording Length of time required to recall info Possible bias by recorders

Question 10 (4 marks) 2 marks to accurately & clearly explain a MET & 2 marks to accurately and clearly explain the relationship of METs to PA. A MET is a measure of energy expenditure 1 MET is the amount of energy expended by a body at rest (now) Moderate = METs Vigorous = 6 + METs Therefore the body is expending 6x more energy than at rest when it is engaged in vigourous intensity PA