Chapt. 10

What’s a Program? A set of instructions -- that lead to the accomplishment of an objective.

Compilers and Interpreters Compiler Converts entire program into object code prior to Execution. Interpreter Converts small program units (lines of code) into object code then executes them individually

Language Categories Low-Level Machine Assembly Problems?

Procedural Languages (3GL) English-like Instructions FORTRAN COBOL C BASIC

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages C++ #include "stdafx.h" #include using namespace std; int main( ) { cout << "Hello World“<<endl; return 0; } Java public class TextDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, Welcome to Java programming") } } OR import javax.swing.JOptionPane; //for the GUI definitions public class WelcomeMessageDialogBox { public static void main(String[] args) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Hello, Welcome to Java programming","GUI Programming Sample", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE); } }

Integrated Development Environments Rapid Application Development (RAD) Visual Studio Microsoft Delphi Borland PowerBuilder Sybase

Specialty Languages RPG – Report Generator RPG Logo – Graphics and audio Logo Macros – Recorder or VBA

Web Development Applets and Script HTML (DHTML, XMX, etc.) Java script, Perl, PHP, etc. Servlet -

Program Development Cycle 1. Analysis – “can we get there from here?” (feasibility study) 2. Design – “how do we get there from here?” Structured design vs. object design IPO Hierarchy charts Flowcharts and pseudocode

Program Design Tools Hierarchy Charts – module development and process organization Control structure – control the task sequence Sequential – Selection – if – else – binary selection case – multiple option selection

Program Design Tools (cont’d) Repetition Control do – while – the condition is before the action do – until - the condition is after the action Flow chart – symbols represent actions Rectangle – a general process Parallelogram – input and output Diamond - decision Arrows – data or process flow Oval – terminal – the end (beginning) of a program sequence Sample flowchart

Development Cycle (contd.) 3. Validate – “are you sure that is the best way to go?” Desk Check 4. Implement – “take the trip.” Create the code

Development Cycle (contd.) 5. Test and Validate – “are we there yet?” Check results against known values Parallel processing 6. Document – “take the pictures and write the post cards!!” Internal documentation External documentation

Summary Program Compiler vs. Interpreter Programming Languages Low-level Procedural OOP Web development Special use

Summary (part dux) Program Development Cycle Analysis Design Validate Implement Test and Validate Document