. the Passive Voice （被动语态）

一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态 We speak English. 主语谓语宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语谓语宾语 宾变主, 主变宾, 前加 by 主动语态

主变被解题步骤 : 1. 找宾语 ---- 即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory. Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 ---- 即 be 动词的单复数. are were 3. 判断动词的时态 ---- 即 be 动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的语态 ---- 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改原句的主语 ---- 即 by+ 主语 / 宾语. by them in that factory.

表格：被动态基本结构 时态被动语态结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 am/is/are done was/were done shall/will be done be being done have/has been done had been done 被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。

Step one: Revision of the Passive Voice 1.Every year over 29,000 antelopes ________ (kill) in Tibet. --- 一般现在时的被动语态 2. In the past, the elephants __________ (hunt) by farmers. --- 一般过去时的被动语态 are killed were hunted 3. In the past twenty years, a large number of bamboo areas ______________ (set up) to help pandas grow. --- 现在完成时的被动语态 have been set up

5. WWF hopes that more and more wild animals _______________ (protect) in the future. will be protected --- 一般将来时的被动语态 6. By the end of last year, some forests _________________(destroy) by local farmers. had been destroyed --- 现在完成时的被动语态 4.The rocket _____________ (send up) into space now ． --- 现在进行时的被动语态 is being sent up

Chen Xiaoli 西藏民院附中

What is Tom doing? He is playing a guitar. A guitar is being played by Tom. What is Mr Brown doing? He is drawing a picture. A picture is being drawn by Mr Brown.

What is Mary doing ? She is reading a book. A book is being read by Mary. What are they doing ? They are planting a tree? A tree is being planted by them

What is being done now? The room is being cleaned.

What are being done now? Some clothes are being washed. The flowers are being watered.

is/am/are+being+done The present continuous passive voice 现在进行时被动语态 1. 表示说话时正在进行的被动动作 2. 表示目前这段时间正在进行, 但此时此刻 不一定在进行的被动动作

经常和时间副词 now ( 现在 ), right now ( 现在, 此刻 ), at present ( 现在, 目 前 ), at this moment ( 此刻 ) 连用。 用法

表示现在正在进行的被动动作。 Mary is being interviewed now. Mary Jenny

The car is being repaired now.

A new hospital is being built in the city. 表现阶段正在进行的被动动作。

Blank-filling Complete the following senteces with the correct form and tense of the given words. 1. Some plans ________________(make) at the meeting now. 2. My computer ________________(repair) by Uncle Wang at this moment. 3. A new bridge ________________(build) over the river at present. 4. Look, the red flags ________________(raise)now. are being made is being repaired is being built are being raised

are being followed 1. The news _____________ (talk) about everywhere. 2. A lot of tall buildings ____________ (set) up, and people will move in sometime next year. 3. What should you do while you _______________ (follow) by a stranger? 4. Our fur ____________ (use) to make coats. is being talked Quiz II: 用被动语态的适当形式填空。 are being set is being used

请找出下列各句中的错误并改正。 1. Look! A frog is swallowed( 吞 ) by a snake over there. 2. These animals are hunting by farmers. 3. A letter is being writed by Mary to her mother. 4. A new part are being built along the river. being being hunted written is

Sentence-making Make sentences by using the Present Continuous Passive Voice. Example: 1. a new hospital, build, for the poor children A new hospital is being bulit for the poor children. 2. A bike, not mend, Uncle Wang A bike isn't being mended by Uncle Wang.

Have a try 1. some sports venues, build, in Beijing 2. some trees, not plant, the children 3. a culture capsule, sent into space, China 4. the Great Wall, visited, many tourists 5. the little baby, not take care, the nurse Some sports venues are being built in Beijing. Some trees aren't being planted by the children. A culture capsule is being sent into space by China. The Great Wall is being visited by many tourists. The little baby isn't being taken care by the nurse.

9. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _________ and I want to listen. (2009 湖南 ) A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast

1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week ． A ． are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D ． will hold Multiple choice B

2. I’m sorry,sir ． Your recorder isn’t ready yet ． It ____ in the factory ． A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn’t been repaired A

3 ． Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful ． A. has tried; has proved B ． tried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved C

3. I don ’ t know what time it is now. My watch _____. A. is repairing B. has been repaired C. is being repaired D. has repaired

2. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

7. John ____, for he went swimming yesterday without permission. A. would punish B. had punished C. was punished D. punished 8. If rubber __, it gives off a terrible smell. A. burnt B. will burn C. have been burned D. is burned

9. This book ___ under the bench for two days. A. has put B. has been lying C. has been put D. has been laid 10. What should ___ must ___. A. do; do B. be done; be done C. to be done; do D. do; be done

12. I still don’t know what ___ while I was away. A. has happened B. was happened C. happened D. had happened

13. The bridge which ___ last year ___ really beautiful. A. was built; looks B. was building; looks C. was built; is looked D. was building; is looked

16. The camera you ___ now ___ to me. A. use; is belonged B. are using; is belonged C. use; is belonging D. are using; belongs

17. I ___ that they ___ a new machine. A. was told; were designing B. told; were designing C. was told; designing D. told; had designed

4 ． In warm weather, fruit and meat ____ long ． A. cannot be kept B. don’t keep C. mustn’t keep D. is not kept A

5. --Did you hand him the letter yesterday? --No, I ____ to him ． A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it C

6 ． Alice had a dress ____ last week ． A ． made B. make C. to be made D. to make A

8. — Why don’t we choose that road to save time? — The bridge to it ______. (2009 四川 ) A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired

7. — What’s that noise? — Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. (2008 浙江 ) A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested

定语从句三要素（ three factors ）： 先行词（被定语从句所修饰的词） 关系词（代词、副词） 关系词在句子中充当某种成分

Conclusion: 关系代词： 用于指人： 用于指物 : who whom that which whose who whom that that which Who can tell us the usage of whose?

whose 译为 … 的，起定语作用。用来指人或物 whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of + which(whom) 或 of + which (whom)+ the + 名词. This is my book whose cover is blue. the book’s cover = the cover of the book This is my book the cover of which is blue. 先行词 book

eg: The room whose windows are open is mine. The room ______________________ are open is mine. the windows of which / of which the windows Have you seen the book ______________ is yellow. A.The cover of it B. which cover C. the cover of which D. which’s cover C A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan. whose

修饰物体时只用关系代词 that 不用 which 的情况 : 1 当先行词是 nothing, something, anything, all, each 等 不定代 词时。 Do you have anything that is important to tell me? 2 、当先行词被 all, any, some, no, not, every, each 等修饰 You can take any book that you like. 3 、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4 、当先行词被 the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。 This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 5 、当先行词又有人又有物时。 I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

Relative exercise: 1.This is the only book ____ I got last year. 2. This is the largest animal ____ Tom saw in the zoo. 3. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers ____ exist ( 存在 )in the mother school. 4. All the desks ____ are bought look really wonderful. 5. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory? 6. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me. that

Exercises 2. Beijing, _________ is the capital of China, has a very long history. which 3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student. As 4. The young man had a new girl friend, ________ is a pop star. who 1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city, ______ people Visit the famous West Lake. Where In which

46 1) Please put the letter on the desk ____________________he can easily find it. ____________________he can easily find it. This is the factory_______ I visited yesterday. This is the factory _______________I paid a visit. a visit. 2) This is the factory_________________ my father once worked. father once worked. 试比较： where/ in which where/on which which where/ to which 注意关系词 在定语从句中所承担的成份

47 This is the reason _______________ he didn't come to the meeting. This is the reason_______________ he was late. This is the reason ______________ he gave to me to me 试比较： why / for which that / which

48 1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave. when /in which which where/ in which which why/ for which that/which 使用合适的关系词完成下列句子 及物动词

49 用 as ， which 填空 1._______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________ made the others envy him. 3. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 4.______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. 5. Let’s read such books will make them better. 6. He will give you such information will help you. As as which

50 若连接词是介词的宾语，可以将介词提前，构 成介词 + 引导词的形式 Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library _________ you borrow books? He is the person_____ we can turn to for help. He is the person________we can turn for help. 注意： 这时引导词指人只能用 whom ，指物只能用 which, 即：介词 +which ∕whom. 介词的提前 to whom from which whom

51 Can you work them out? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live. 2. The student _______ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet? without about on for

52 如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配， 则介词不能提前 eg: 1) He is the man who I am looking for. 2) He is the man who I am looking after. 3) He is the man who I am looking at.

Fill in the blanks with proper words: 1. I know the man _____ is standing over there. 2. Please remember the place _____ we visited yesterday. 3. I bought a book _____ cover is blue. 4. The book ____ you want to borrow was lost. 5. This is Mary ____ we talked about last night. 6.The book ____ you bought last week is written by Luxun. 7. This is the first book _____ I bought myself. who which whose that whom that which

Consolidation exercises. 巩固练习  1.This is the best book _____ I’ve ever bought.  A. that B. who C. with which D. which  2 ． We visited a factory ____ makes toys( 玩具 ) for children ．  A ． where B ． which C ． in which D ． at which  3 ． The man _____ lives next to us is Li Ming.  A. which B. who C. whom D. whose  4. The person to ______ you just talked is Mr. Li.  A. who B. that C. whom D. they  5. The boy_____ leg was injured in the football match was only 11 years old.  A. which B. whose C. who D. whom A B B C B

 6.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which  7.The place _______interested me most was the Chil dren's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which  8 ． This is the pen _____I bought yesterday.  A ． Wich B ． that C ． / D. all of the above  9 ． The man ____ was a friend of mine ．  A ． you just talked B ． whom you just talked to  C ． who you just talked to him D ． which you just talked to  10. I know a lady _______ father is a famous writer.  A. Which B. who C. whose D. that A A D B C

高考链接： 1.While driving through the city,she showed me the city _____she once worked as a manager.( o7 年潍坊模拟 ) A. when B. which C. what D. in which do you have anything in mind _____you’d likefor supper? -----well, _____ is okay with me.( 07 青岛质检 ) A. that; anything B. which; everything C. what; nothing D. whether; something D A

5. I should thank my teacher, with ______help, I solved the problem. Exercises whose 6.He once worked on the Bird’s Nest, ____ _____ his son is proud. of which

58 1.Have you visited the house ______ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which 2.Do you still remember the day ________ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when 3.Tell me the reason _____ you are late. A.that. B. why C.which. D.when

练习： Correct mistakes 1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. ——— whom ——— whose \ it \ —— who

5. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently. 6. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 7. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. that has that ———

61 非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分 时，可用 “ 数词 / 代词 + of + 关系代词 ” 的结构 2) He has three sons, all of whom are teacher 1) There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.

 1 、位置：  2 、结构 :  3 、关系词：  4. 翻译方法 : 定语从句一般置于所修饰名词或代词 （即先行词 ) 的后面 关系词 + 句子的剩余部分 定语从句和主句之间有关系词来连接。 “….的”“….的” Conclusion: something about the attributive clause

口诀： 主句型，从句型两种句子要完整 从句紧靠先行词，关系词引导要弄清 定人用 who 或 whom ，定物 which 当先用 关系代词有 that ，定人物有本领 关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略

砍伐图 Trees ___________ (cut) down. Few places ___________ (leave) for the tigers to live. are being cut will be left

拳击图 A boxer _____________(beat) down ． has been beaten

双子楼图 The twin towers ___________ (attack) in 2001 ． were attacked

生病图 The boy may _______________ (infect) with AIDS ． have been infected

hold a charity show in our school hall yesterday was held in our school hall A charity show yesterday.

The film_____________on Movie Channel this Saturday. will be shown show on Movie Channel this Saturday

a man-made satellite send up already A man-made satellite _____________________ into space. has already been sent up

7 ． The teacher couldn’t make him ____ attention to because the students were so noisy. A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid B

Guilin _______________(visit) by so many tourists in the past years that some of its cultural sites ______________________ ( not protect )well nowadays. Some ancient sites ________________________ (already damage) by tourists and villagers are worried that part of their history ___________(lose) in the future. Now, a group of villagers in Guilin ____________( plan) to protect their cultural relics. They have taken the following measures in order to protect the cultural relics.). A website _______________ (start) to tell people about the problem and how to solve it. Also, a museum _____________(build) so that visitors can look at the cultural relics without ___________(cause) any damage. has been visited are not being protected have already been damaged has been started has been built will be lost are planning causing