H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Hadron Physics with Antiprotons  Overview  Physics with PANDA (see J. Ritman, U. Wiedner) – Hadron Spectroscopy – Properties of Hadrons in Matter – Double  -Hypernuclei – Options  Conclusions

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Overview on p-induced Reactions High Energy: pp-Colliders ( CERN, Fermilab ) Discovery of Z 0, W ± Discovery of t-Quark Medium Energy: Conventional p-beams ( LBL, BNL, CERN, Fermilab, KEK,... ) p-Storage Rings ( LEAR (CERN); Antiproton Accumulator (Fermilab) ) p-N interaction Meson Spectroscopy (u, d, s, c) p-nucleus Interaction Hypernuclei Antihydrogen Low Energy (Stopped p‘s): Conventional p-beams p-Storage Rings ( LEAR, AD (CERN) ) p-Atoms (pHe) p/p-mass ratio Antihydrogen FAIR-Project Higher p-energies (≤ 15 GeV) Cooled p-beams Much higher luminosities

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 UNILAC SIS FRS ESR SIS 100/300 HESR Super FRS NESR CR RESR Existing Future Project PANDA PAX FLAIR CBM

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005

Hadron Spectroscopy Naive Quark Model: Mesons (Resonances) = qq-states Baryons (Resonances) = qqq-states Particular states: cc = Charmonium (QCD-analog to e + e – -Positronium states) LQCD + Model calculations: Existence of exotic states New feature: Spin-exotic quantum numbers possible, not allowed in qq (J PC = 0 +–, 1 –+,...)

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Charmonium – the Positronium of QCD Positronium Charmonium

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 cc(g) - Lattice Predictions 42] K. Juge, J. Kuti, and C. Morningstar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003).

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Glueballs Self interaction between gluons  Construction of color-neutral hadrons with gluons possible exotic glueballs don‘t mix with mesons (qq) 0 --, 0 +-, 1 -+, 2 +-, 3 -+,... C. Morningstar PRD60, (1999) g g g

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 PANDA – Hadron Spectroscopy Program Mass range:

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 PANDA – Hadron Spectroscopy Program Experiments cc :  c (1 1 S 0 ) experimental error on M > 1 MeV  hard to understand in simple quark models  c ’ (2 1 S 0 ) Crystal Ball result way off study of hadronic decays h c ( 1 P 1 ) Spin dependence of QQ potential Compare to triplet P-States LQCD  NRQCD States above the DD threshold Higher vector states not confirmed  (3S),  (4S) Expected location of 1st radial excitation of P wave states Expected location of narrow D wave states, only  (3770) seen Sensitive to long range Spin-dependent potential Nature of the new X(3872)/ X(3940), Y(3940) and Z(3940)

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 PANDA – Hadron Spectroscopy Program Hybrids (ccg) : ? Example: Ground State Decay modes: ,  Decay modes: J/  ; D*D

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 PANDA – Hadron Spectroscopy Program Predictions: Masses: GeV/c 2 (Ground state found? ; Candidates for further states?) Quantum numbers: Several spin exotics (oddballs), e.g. J PC = 2 +- (4.3 GeV/c 2 ) Widths: ≥ 100 MeV/c 2 – Decay into two lighter glueballs often forbidden because of q.-n. – No mixing effects for oddballs Glueballs (gg) Decays: , , 

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 PANDA – Hadron Spectroscopy Program Open Charm States The D S ± spectrum |cs> + c.c. was not expected to reveal any surprises, but... –Potential model –Old measurements –New observations (BaBar, CLEO-c, Belle) Or these are molecules? New observations

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Merits of Antiprotons (1) Measured rate Beam Resonance cross section CM Energy In pp-annihilation all mesons can be formed Resolution of the mass and width is only limited by the (excellent) beam momentum resolution Example: pp   1,2   J/    e + e – In contrast: In e + e – -annihilation only J PC = 1 -- can be found e + e –  J/ , e + e –   1,2

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Merits of Antiprotons (2) p-beams can be cooled  Excellent beam momentum resolution

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 High Resolution of M and   Crystal Ball: typical resolution ~ 10 MeV  Fermilab: 240 keV  PANDA: ~20 keV   p/p ~ needed

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Merits of Antiprotons (3) pp-cross sections high  Data with very high statisties Example: pp   0  0  0 (LEAR)  f 0 (1500) = best candidate for Glueball ground state Low final state multiplicities: Clean spectra, Good for PWA analyses

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Merits of Antiprotons (4) High probability for production of exotic states Example: pp   0  0 :  (1400) (J PC = 1 –+ ) = candidate for Hybrid ground state ^

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Properties of Hadrons in Matter Mass splittings because charge conjugation symmetry broken at n B  0 Overall attraction of Kaons due to scalar interaction: KN sigma term Mass splitting due to vector interaction: Weinberg-Tomozawa c d _ d d u c _ d repulsive attractive D-D- D+D+ d d u d d u d d u d d u d d u K – (su): m s /m u ≈ 40 D + (cd): m c /m d ≈ 200  Quark atom

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 J/ ,  Absorption in Nuclei J/  absorption cross section in nuclear matter p + A  J/  + (A–1)

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Douple  -Hypernuclei Hypernuclei open a 3 rd dimension (strangeness) in the nuclear chart Double-hypernuclei: very little data Baryon-baryon interactions:  -N only short ranged (no 1  exchange due to isospin)  impossible in scattering reactions -- 3 GeV/c K+K Trigger _  secondary target p  - (dss) p(uud)   (uds)  (uds) –– ––

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Timelike Proton Form Factors at large Q 2 The time like FF remains about a factor 2 above the space like. These differences should vanish in pQCD, thus the asymptotic behavior has not yet been reached at these large values of |q 2 |. (HESR up to s ~ 25 GeV 2 ) (PANDA probably up to 20 GeV 2 ) q 2 >0 q 2 <0

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Physics Program / Further Options – Baryon Spectroscopy New states, Quantum numbers and decay rates

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Physics Program / Further Options Direct CP-Violation (SCS) – CP-Violation in charmed region – Direct CP-Violation in ,  -decays Compare angular decay asymmetries Prediction (SM) ≈ 2x10 -5 HESR: 1 year of beamtime

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Physics Program / Further Options Study of reversed Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS)  Nucleon structure functions

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Conclusions  Enormous impact in particle physics of p-induced reactions  p-induced reactions have unique features – Nearly all states can be directly produced – High cross sections guarantee high statistics data  p-beams can be cooled very effectively  The planned p-experiments at FAIR will contribute to a further understanding of the non-perturbative sector of QCD

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Charmonium Production in pp * for selected decay mode ** L = 2x10 32 cm –2 s –1, 50% accelerator and detector efficiency, integrated luminosity = 8 pb –1 /day *** 1% B.R. for this decay mode

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 QCD-Vacuum as function of p and T

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 HESR / PANDA Production Rates (1-2 (fb) -1 /y) Final Statecross section# reconstr. events/y Common Feature : Low multiplicity events Moderate particle energies For Pairs : Charge symmetric conditions Trigger on one, investigate the other

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Charmonium PhysicsD DD*DD* ψ(1 1 D 2 ) ψ(1 3 D 1 ) ψ(1 3 D 3 ) ψ(1 3 D 2 ) η c (2 1 S 0 ) D* D * ψ(2 3 S 1 ) J/ψ(1 3 S 1 ) ψ(3 3 S 1 )  c2 (1 3 P 2 )  c0 (1 3 P 0 )  c1 (1 3 P 1 ) h 1c (1 1 P 1 )  c0 (2 3 P 0 )  c1 (2 3 P 1 )  c2 (2 3 P 2 ) h 1c (2 1 P 1 ) η c (1 1 S 0 ) η c (3 1 S 0 ) J P = (0,1,2) (1,2,3) - Are (4040) and  (4160) strong mixtures of the  (3S) and hybrid charmonium states or  (4040) is D * D*- molecule? 2.9 M c c [GeV/c 2 ] ψ(4 3 S 1 ) X(3872) D sJ *D sJ * Is the narrow X (3872) state D 0 D* molecule? Most states above DD not measured Measure decay branching ratios P lab [GeV/c]

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Threshold production of D sJ (2317) * Depend on internal structure the width of D sJ can be different: – Current limit  4.9 MeV –  -doubling  10 keV – Phenomenological  130 keV – D s K – molecules  200 keV *

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 Crypto-exotic Baryons with Charm ? J.Hofmann & M.Lutz hep-ph/ Many Narrow Resonances Decays to  N

H. Koch, SFAIR, Lund, Sept , 2005 HESR: High Energy Storage Ring Beam Momentum GeV/c High Intensity Mode: Luminosity 2x10 32 cm -2 s -1 (2x10 7 Hz)  p/p(st. cooling)~10 -4 High Resolution Mode: Luminosity 2x10 31 cm -2 s -1  p/p(e- cooling)~10 -5