SELF-REVIEW & RETEST The Sphere Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 4.3

1. The Sphere project is a collection of different organizations’ and agencies’ unique requirements for provision of humanitarian services in several sectors. TF QUICK TEST Answer these 15 questions as well as you can, there may be more than one correct answer.

2. The Humanitarian Charter is based on (among others) the principles and provisions of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law, and the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. TF

3. Check the three key rights below that are reflected in the Charter: The right to life with dignity The right to be protected from unjust war The right of refoulement The right of combatants to become non-combatants after war The right to protection and security The right to free expression The right to receive humanitarian assistance

4. Which of the following are integral to the structure of the Sphere book: The Humanitarian Charter Core Standards Case-Study Examples of Humanitarian Response Minimum Standards Key Indicators Key Strategies Guidance notes Key Actions

5. Examples of Sphere standards in the provision of sanitation (WASH) include: “ People have adequate, appropriate and acceptable toilet facilities….” “ At least every four families have access to a latrine” “The affected population has an environment not littered by solid waste…” “ No dwelling is more than 15 meters from a refuse container” At least one 100 liter refuse container is available per 10 families…

DOMISTAN STAR DOMISTAN Salt Island (protectorate of P.S.) PACIFIC STATES PACIFIC STATES NAVAL FLEET SHIP FORCED BACK DOMISTAN STAR SCENARIO

File photo

DOMISTAN STAR FACTS: The ship captain admits illegal trafficking First report is of 800 people living in shipping containers Pacific States have absolutely refused landing on the continent Salt Island administrator is awaiting advice before allowing landing People have completely exhausted their food and water reserves People have been aboard for 3 weeks - future is uncertain, but they refuse to return to their original home where they claim they are persecuted. Ship’s owner demands to unload people at Salt Island Political talks on this situation are at a stalemate        

PLAN SECTION DOMISTAN STAR DIAGRAMS

2.4 m 6 m Domistan Star Shipping Containers 12 m SMALL CONTAINER LARGE CONTAINER

6. Use of Sphere approach in response to this situation could reasonably include: Use of standards to advocate for migrants’ rights Use of Charter to advocate for non-return of passengers to their original homes Use of indicators and actions to plan for immediate humanitarian aid Use of Charter to guide immediate on-board sectoral assessment Use of code of conduct to guide humanitarian response in the midst of political discussion Use of indicators to advocate for the landing of passengers on Salt Island

7. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d People’s safe access to market goods and services as producers, consumers and traders is protected No more than 20 people per latrine People’s capacity and strategies to survive with dignity are integral to the design and approach of humanitarian response. Women, men and children from all affected groups are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

8. Scurvy has been reported among the passengers by the first arriving emergency health team - this fact alone likely indicates that nutrition standards are not being met. TF

2.4 m 6 m 9. First responders report that up to 20 people are sheltering in small un-insulated containers like the one shown below. Based purely on shelter space indicators, this should be adequate for the passengers until the situation is resolved. TF

10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island. Their status as refugees, illegal migrants, or victims of illegal trafficking, however, is still uncertain. Nobody knows how long these people may have to remain on Salt Island while high-level political negotiations continue. A Pacific States - based NGO has agreed to provide food for these people until a permanent solution can be found. Which of the following are in-line with Sphere guidance for determining the amount and types of food to be supplied? 2100 kcal p/p/d 1900 kcal p/p/d 40-50% of total energy provided by protein 10% of total energy provided by protein 17% of total energy provided by fat 27% of total energy provided by fat

11. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d No more than 20 people per latrine The affected population conducts or participates in meetings about how to organize the response The under-5 mortality rate is maintained at or reduced to, less than double the baseline rate for this population

12. Due to developments in the region, approximately 20,000 Domistani people are to be relocated to Salt Island from detention centers and other holding facilities. Your organization has been requested to develop a site plan for a “camp” to be built by the Pacific States Military Forces. Using Sphere guidance as a basic planning tool, about how big should the site be? About 1 square kilometer About 4 square kilometers About 8 square kilometers There is no indicator for overall site area per person

13. Several NGOs and UN agencies have been carrying out assessments and programming missions to Salt Island. The Sphere text and approach might benefit this activity in which of the following ways? Improved coordination through shared standards Requiring inter-agency and multi-sectoral analysis Helping relate particular groups’ needs to unique standards of service as dictated by organizational mandates (refugees, children, women, elderly, for example) Providing detailed checklists for initial assessments

14. A single measles case has been reported in the newly established camp at Salt Island. Which of these actions are proposed by Sphere? Estimate vaccination rate/coverage for measles for those children 6 months to 15 years old Vaccinate the entire population Establish a system to ensure that at least 95% of children from 6 months to 59 months receive a vaccination and a dose of vitamin A Implement triage, diagnostic and case management protocols for immediate treatment.

15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island. Several new NGOs are undertaking these tasks. Which ideas below are in accordance with Sphere? Representatives of the Ministry of Health lead the health sector response whenever possible Regular health sector coordination meetings are held for local and external partners at both central and field levels Women, boys, girls and men from the disaster- affected population are consulted, and are involved in decision-making...

How well did you do? Here are the answers.

1. The Sphere project is a collection of different organizations’ and agencies’ unique requirements for provision of humanitarian services in several sectors. TF QUICK PRETEST Answer these 15 questions as well as you can, there may be more than one correct answer. It is a collection of shared principles, standards, actions, indicators and guidance

2. The Humanitarian Charter is based on (among others) the principles and provisions of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law, and the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. TF Yes, that is true…. See pages 20 – 24 of the 2011 edition

3. Check the three key rights below that are reflected in the Charter: The right to life with dignity The right to be protected from unjust war The right of refoulement The right of combatants to become non-combatants after war The right to protection and security The right to free expression The right to receive humanitarian assistance Please see page 21 of the 2011 edition

4. Which of the following are integral to the structure of the Sphere book: The Humanitarian Charter Core Standards Case-Study Examples of Humanitarian Response Minimum Standards Key Indicators Key Strategies Guidance notes Key Actions

5. Examples of Sphere standards in the provision of sanitation (WASH) include: “ People have adequate, appropriate and acceptable toilet facilities….” “ At least every four families have access to a latrine” “The affected population has an environment not littered by solid waste…” “ No dwelling is more than 15 meters from a refuse container” At least one 100 liter refuse container is available per 10 families…

DOMISTAN STAR DOMISTAN Salt Island (protectorate of P.S.) PACIFIC STATES PACIFIC STATES NAVAL FLEET SHIP FORCED BACK DOMISTAN STAR SCENARIO

File photo

DOMISTAN STAR FACTS: The ship captain admits illegal trafficking First report is of 800 people living in shipping containers Pacific States have absolutely refused landing on the continent Salt Island administrator is awaiting advice before allowing landing People have completely exhausted their food and water reserves People have been aboard for 3 weeks - future is uncertain Ship’s owner demands to unload people at Salt Island Talks are at a stalemate        

PLAN SECTION DOMISTAN STAR DIAGRAMS

2.4 m 6 m Domistan Star Shipping Containers 12 m SMALL CONTAINER LARGE CONTAINER

6. Use of Sphere approach in response to this situation could reasonably include: Use of standards to advocate for migrants’ rights Use of Charter to advocate for non-return of passengers to their original homes Use of indicators and actions to plan for immediate humanitarian aid Use of Charter to guide immediate on-board sectoral assessment Use of code of conduct to guide humanitarian response in the midst of political discussion Use of indicators to advocate for the landing of passengers on Salt Island

7. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d People’s safe access to market goods and services as producers, consumers and traders is protected No more than 20 people per latrine People’s capacity and strategies to survive with dignity are integral to the design and approach of humanitarian response. Women, men and children from all affected groups are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

8. Scurvy has been reported among the passengers by the first arriving emergency health team - this fact alone likely indicates that nutrition standards are not being met. TF Please see guidance notes on page 156

2.4 m 6 m 9. First responders report that up to 20 people are sheltering in small un-insulated containers like the one shown below. Based purely on shelter space indicators, this should be adequate for the passengers until the situation is resolved. TF Please see indicator on page 258.

10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island. Their status as refugees, illegal migrants, or victims of illegal trafficking, however, is still uncertain. Nobody knows how long these people may have to remain on Salt Island while high-level political negotiations continue. A Pacific States - based NGO has agreed to provide food for these people until a permanent solution can be found. Which of the following are in-line with Sphere guidance for determining the amount and types of food to be supplied? 2100 kcal p/p/d 1900 kcal p/p/d 40-50% of total energy provided by protein 10% of total energy provided by protein 17% of total energy provided by fat 27% of total energy provided by fat

11. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d No more than 20 people per latrine The affected population conducts or participates in meetings about how to organize the response The under-5 mortality rate is maintained at or reduced to, less than double the baseline rate for this population

12. Due to developments in the region, approximately 20,000 Domistani people are to be relocated to Salt Island from detention centers and other holding facilities. Your organization has been requested to develop a site plan for a “camp” to be built by the Pacific States Military Forces. Using Sphere guidance as a basic planning tool, about how big should the site be? About 1 square kilometer About 4 square kilometers About 8 square kilometers There is no indicator for overall site area per person Please see guidance note on page 257.

13. Several NGOs and UN agencies have been carrying out assessments and programming missions to Salt Island. The Sphere text and approach might benefit this activity in which of the following ways? Improved coordination through shared standards Requiring inter-agency and multi-sectoral analysis Helping relate particular groups’ needs to unique standards of service as dictated by organizational mandates (refugees, children, women, elderly, for example) Providing detailed checklists for initial assessments

14. A single measles case has been reported in the newly established camp at Salt Island. Which of these actions are proposed by Sphere? Estimate vaccination rate/coverage for measles for those children 6 months to 15 years old Vaccinate the entire population Establish a system to ensure that at least 95% of children from 6 months to 59 months receive a vaccination and a dose of vitamin A Implement triage, diagnostic and case management protocols for immediate treatment. Please see guidance notes on pages

15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island. Several new NGOs are undertaking these tasks. Which ideas below are in accordance with Sphere? Representatives of the Ministry of Health lead the health sector response whenever possible Regular health sector coordination meetings are held for local and external partners at both central and field levels Women, boys, girls and men from the disaster- affected population are consulted, and are involved in decision-making...

How well did you really do – and what else do you still need to know?