Preparation of Salts.

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Presentation transcript:

Preparation of Salts

What is a salt? A compound formed when the hydrogen ions of an acid are partly or completely replaced by a positive ion (usually a metal). Hence a salt will contain a positive metal ion (or ammonium ion) and a negative non-metal ion. Examples of salts are: sodium chloride, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate.

Na+ could come from sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq) What is a salt? Na+ could come from sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq) NaCl Sodium Chloride Cl- comes from hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Formed when the sodium ion replaces the hydrogen ion of hydrochloric acid

H2SO4(aq) + Zn(OH)2(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Another example SO42- comes from sulphuric acid, H2SO4 (aq) Zn2+ could come from zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 (aq) ZnSO4 Zinc sulfate H2SO4(aq) + Zn(OH)2(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Formed when the zinc ion replaces the hydrogen ions of sulphuric acid.

HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq)  KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) Another example K+ could come from potassium hydroxide, KOH (aq) NO3- comes from nitric acid, HNO3 (aq) KNO3 Potassium nitrate HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq)  KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) Formed when the potassium ion replaces the hydrogen ions of nitric acid.

Acids Acids can donate one or more protonss: Monoprotic: One hydrogen atom Example: HCl, HNO3 These donate one proton Diprotic: Two hydrogen atoms Example: H2SO4, H2CO3 These donate two protons Triprotic: Three hydrogen atoms Example: H3PO4 These donate three protons

Preparation of Salts Reactions with acids. Acid + metal Acid + alkali H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Acid + base H2SO4(aq) + ZnO(s)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2O(l) Acid + alkali H2SO4(aq) + Zn(OH)2(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Acid + carbonate H2SO4(aq) + ZnCO3(s)  ZnSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

23/04/2017

2HCl(aq) + BaO(s) g BaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) (c) Hydrochloric acid reacts with solid barium oxide, BaO, and barium carbonate, BaCO3. For each reaction, write a balanced equation (with state symbols) and state what you would see. BaO Equation Observation 2HCl(aq) + BaO(s) g BaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) White solid dissolves away (ii) BaCO3 Equation Observation 2HCl(aq) + BaCO3(s) g BaCl2(aq) +CO2(g) + H2O(l) Bubbles of gas given off/White solid dissolves away