Question 1: Name, PDB codes Eric Martz (no research lab) Macromolecular visualization I chose*: 3onz HUMAN TETRAMERIC HEMOGLOBIN: PROXIMAL NITRITE LIGAND AT BETA Function: Oxygen transport Resolution: 2.09 Å R = Rfree = “WORSE THAN AVERAGE at this resolution” I was assigned: 1d66 DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Transcriptional regulation. Resolution: 2.70 Å R = Rfree not published * If you chose a homology model, see the next slide.

Question 1 (continued): Homology Model (Do this slide only if you chose a homology model instead of a PDB code) This is provided only as an example for Question 1. I did not use this homology model in the slides below. I chose a homology model: Sequence: MNGTEGPNFYVPFSNATGVVRSPFEYPQYYLAEPWQFSMLAAYMFLLIVLGFPINFLTLY VTVQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAVADLFMVLGGFTSTLYTSLHGYFVFGPTGCNLEGFFATLG GEIALWSLVVLAIERYVVVCKPMSNFRFGENHAIMGVAFTWVMALACAAPPLAGWSRYIP EGLQCSCGIDYYTLKPEVNNESFVIYMFVVHFTIPMIIIFFCYGQLVFTVKEAAAQQQES ATTQKAEKEVTRMVIIMVIAFLICWVPYASVAFYIFTHQGSNFGPIFMTIPAFFAKSAAI YNPVIYIMMNKQFRNCMLTTICCGKNPLGDDEASATVSKTETSQVAPA Length of sequence: 348 Source of sequence: UniProt P08100 OPSD_HUMAN Name and function: Human rhodopsin. Detects light in the eye. Template: 1u19 (Bovine rhodopsin) Modeled residue range: Sequence identity: 93.4%

Question 1 (continued): Homology Model (Do this slide only if you chose a homology model instead of a PDB code) Sequence Alignment from Swiss-Model What is important here is the number and sizes of gaps (but there are none in this particular case). Because this is a long alignment, I deleted the secondary structure lines to make it more compact. (Edit, Paste Special, Styled Text.) Continue on another slide if needed. TARGET 1 MNGTEGPN FYVPFSNATG VVRSPFEYPQ YYLAEPWQFS MLAAYMFLLI 1u19_1 1 mngtegpn fyvpfsnktg vvrspfeapq yylaepwqfs mlaaymflli TARGET 49 VLGFPINFLT LYVTVQHKKL RTPLNYILLN LAVADLFMVL GGFTSTLYTS 1u19_1 49 mlgfpinflt lyvtvqhkkl rtplnyilln lavadlfmvf ggftttlyts TARGET 99 LHGYFVFGPT GCNLEGFFAT LGGEIALWSL VVLAIERYVV VCKPMSNFRF 1u19_1 99 lhgyfvfgpt gcnlegffat lggeialwsl vvlaieryvv vckpmsnfrf TARGET 149 GENHAIMGVA FTWVMALACA APPLAGWSRY IPEGLQCSCG IDYYTLKPEV 1u19_1 149 genhaimgva ftwvmalaca applvgwsry ipegmqcscg idyytpheet TARGET 199 NNESFVIYMF VVHFTIPMII IFFCYGQLVF TVKEAAAQQQ ESATTQKAEK 1u19_1 199 nnesfviymf vvhfiipliv iffcygqlvf tvkeaaaqqq esattqkaek TARGET 249 EVTRMVIIMV IAFLICWVPY ASVAFYIFTH QGSNFGPIFM TIPAFFAKSA 1u19_1 249 evtrmviimv iaflicwlpy agvafyifth qgsdfgpifm tipaffakts TARGET 299 AIYNPVIYIM MNKQFRNCML TTICCGKNPL GDDEASATVS KTETSQVAPA 1u19_1 299 avynpviyim mnkqfrncmv ttlccgknpl gddeasttvs ktetsqvapa ABOVE IS FOR THE FIRST CHAIN. BELOW IS THE SAME ALIGNMENT FOR THE SECOND CHAIN OF THE HOMODIMER. TARGET MNGTEGP NFYVPFSNAT GVVRSPFEYP QYYLAEPWQF SMLAAYMFLL 1u19_ mngtegp nfyvpfsnkt gvvrspfeap qyylaepwqf smlaaymfll *

Question 2, 3onz: Number of chains Protein: 2 chains (2 distinct) DNA: 0 chains RNA: 0 chains Chain A: HEMOGLOBIN SUBUNIT ALPHA 141 residues (1 missing) of Protein. Source: Homo sapiens (Human). Other_details: Blood. Chain B: HEMOGLOBIN SUBUNIT BETA 146 residues (12 missing) of Protein. Source: Homo sapiens (Human). Other_details: Blood.

3orn: 2 HEM: Protoporphyrin ix containing Fe 2 NO2: Nitrite ion 4 MBN: Toluene 1d66: 4 CD : Cadmium ionCD : Cadmium ion Question 3, 3onz: Ligands and non-standard residues

Chain A: Crystal: 146 amino acids Full length: 147 amino acids Chain B: Crystal: 141 amino acids Full-length: 142 amino acids Question 4, 3onz: Full length vs. crystallized sequence

This structure is all alpha helices (red) and “coil” (white). It has no beta strands. 80.7% alpha helices 0% beta strands 19.3% neither Question 5, 3onz: Secondary structure

I found no patches of all positive or all negative charges. For 3onz chain A: pI = Charges at pH 4.0: : : -7.0 Question 6: Charge distribution

Glu43 in chain B has a high temperature. Question 7, 3onz: Local uncertainty

Question 8 - Hydrophobic cores Yes. Each of the two chains in 3onz has a hydrophobic core (circled in red).

Question 9 - Water solubility 3onz appears to be soluble because there are polar residues everywhere on the surface. 3onz is hemoglobin which is known to be a soluble protein.

Question 10, 3onz - Disulfide bonds (Methionine sulfurs are not shown in this snapshot.) 1d66, the assigned PDB code, also has zero disulfide bonds.

Question 11, 3onz - Missing residues 13 Missing Residues including 2-, 3+ charged amino acids! All sidechains are complete.

Question 12, 3onz - Non-covalent interactions Top: hydrophobic van der Waals interaction between two carbon atoms. Bottom: histidine nitrogen interacting with negatively charged oxygen (carboxyl). Partial salt bridge since His will have partial positive charge at pH 7, or hydrogen bond since His N epsilon has a hydrogen to donate..

Question 13 - Biological unit Asymmetric unit: 2 chains Biological unit: 4 chains

Question 14, 3onz - Evolutionary Conservation Top: Lys 61 unexpected. Bottom: Lys 66 expected because it forms salt bridges with the carboxyls on the heme ligand.

Question 17a - Cation-pi interaction There are no significant cation-pi interactions in 3onz. 1d66 contains 3 significant cation-pi interactions. One is Lys25 with Tyr40 in chain B. See next slide for snapshot. Here is the report from CaPTURE:

(see previous slide for explanation) Question 17b, 1d66 - Cation-pi interaction

Question 18 - Polyview-3D static image This image is for 1d66. Deoxyguanosine 26 in chain E is red.

Question 19 - Polyview-3D animation for Powerpoint This animation is for 1d66. Deoxyguanosine 26 in chain E is red.

Question 20a - Intrinsically disordered regions 3onz chain B is 141 amino acids. The full length sequence has 142. Below are results for the full length sequence. FoldIndex predicts no intrinsically disordered regions, despite the presence of 3 segments of missing residues in the crystal model. Therefore I analyzed 2gry which is more interesting (next slide).

Question 20b - Intrinsically disordered regions 2GRY is an X-ray crystallographic structure with resolution 2.35 Å. The full length sequence is 679 amino acids. The crystal includes residues (plus an N-terminal His tag). Thus, and (length 153) were removed before crystallization. FoldIndex predicts that the removed portions are intrinsically disordered. Continued on next slide …

Question 20c - Intrinsically disordered regions FoldIndex predicts that 5 segments of the crystallized sequence will be disordered. Segments predicted to be disordered: 1. All but 7 of these 69 N terminal residues are missing in 2GRY. 2. The middle 4 of these 6 residues are missing in 2GRY. 3, 4, 5: None of these predictions overlap with the four additional segments of missing residues in 2GRY. Continued on next slide …

Question 20d - Intrinsically disordered regions The two segments of amino acids missing in 2GRY are at the N terminus and near the N terminus. The flanking residues (marked with yellow halos) have mostly low temperatures, while other missing segments (not predicted by FoldIndex) have higher temperatures. 2GRY colored by temperature showing “empty baskets”, regions with missing residues. Yellow halos mark the alpha carbons flanking missing residues predicted to be disordered by FoldIndex.