To Be or Not To Be a Mineral? Copy the list below on a sheet of paper and write either Yes or No next to each substance below you think is or is not a mineral. Diamond Wood Quartz Plastic Water Sulfur Coal Gold Concrete Talc Glass Salt Iron Steel

5 Things That Must Be True for a Substance to be a Mineral 1.Naturally Occurring (NOT manmade) 2.Inorganic (not made from living things 3.Solid 4.Definite Chemical Composition 5.Crystalline Pattern

To Be or Not To Be a Mineral? Make any corrections necessary after now knowing the definition of a mineral. Diamond Wood Quartz Plastic Water Sulfur Coal Gold Concrete Talc Glass Salt Iron Steel True False True False True False True False True False True False

Element vs. Mixture vs. Compound Element: cannot be broken down chemically (made of only one kind of atom) –Examples: gold, silica, hydrogen Mixture: can be broken apart physically –Examples: air, ocean water Compound: can be broken down chemically –Examples: water (H 2 O), table sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ), table salt (NaCl)

How Minerals Form 1. Cooling of magma 2. Evaporation (ex: salt) 3. Precipitation (ex: calcite) 4. Existing minerals changed by heat or pressure

Rock-Forming Minerals: the most common minerals that make up most of the rocks in the crust Quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite are common

Mineral “Family” Mineral “families” based on chemical composition (what they are made out of)

1. Silicates: Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) silicate is the most common mineral family quartz, feldspar, mica, olivine are examples

2. Carbonates: Carbonate ion (CO3) combines with metal ions calcite (CaCO3) calcium carbonate dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate only carbonates fizz in acid

3. Oxides: Oxygen plus any element other than silicon hematite (FeO2)and magnetite (Fe2O3) are iron oxides oxides are important sources of iron ore

4. Sulfides Metal element combined with sulfur pyrite (FeS2) is “fool’s gold,” an iron sulfide

5. Native Elements Elements uncombined Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), etc.