Naming Compounds 1

Molecules and Molecular Compounds (Covalent Compounds) Two or more atoms tightly bound together Bond by a covalent bond – the sharing of electrons Usually nonmetals bonded to other nonmetals Elements found in nature in molecular form – N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2, H 2 Aka diatomic elements 2

Molecular formulas – indicate actual numbers of and types of atoms in a molecule Term “molecule” refers only to covalently bonded substances. Empirical formulas – smallest possible whole number subscripts Use the Greek prefixes to name binary covalent compounds 3

Prefixes Used in Naming Molecular Compounds NumberPrefix 1mono- 2di- 3tri- 4tetra- 5penta- 6hexa- 7hepta- 8octa- Example Give the chemical formula for the following: silicon tetrachloride disulfur dichloride 4

Ions and Ionic Compounds (Formula Units) Ion – formed when electrons are added or removed from an atom Cation – ion with a positive charge – typically metals Anion – ion with a negative charge – typically non-metals Ionic Compounds are always a metal bonded to a metal Compounds formed when cations and anions are attracted to each other Formed by the transfer of electrons 5

Use the periodic table to predict charges (Drag out Periodic Table) 6

atoms joined as a molecule but have a net positive or negative charge 7

Naming Ionic Compounds Cations – (the metals) – have the same name as the metal Must use roman numerals if dealing with a metal that can have more than one charge – i.e. the transition metals One-atom anions – (the nonmetals) – Their ending changes to –ide e.g. NaCl is sodium chloride 8

Example Give the chemical formula for the following: magnesium sulfate silver sulfide lead(II)nitrate 9

Naming acids I –ate it and it was –ic I caught –ite –ous Binary Acids Hydro ……. -ic Example Give the formulas for the following: 1.hydrobromic acid 2.carbonic acid 3.Sulfurous acid 10

Cu + O 2 → CuO Mg + O 2 → MgO CuCO 3 → CuO + CO 2 Zn + HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 11

Zn + CuSO 4 → ZnSO 4 + Cu Zn(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 + Na 3 PO 4 → NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Na 2 SO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O + SO 2 12