Chemistry in Motion 246th American Chemical Society National Meeting September 8-12, 2013 Indianapolis, IN Transportation Energy Environment The problem ……. and the solution
Petroleum 35.3 Natural Gas 23.4 Renewable Energy 7.7 Transportation % of source % of transportation Energy Use in Transportion 2009, Quadrillion Btu 1 quad = 172 million barrels of oil (8 to 9 days of U.S. oil use) 50 million tons of coal (2% of annual U.S. electricity use) 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas (~4% of annual U.S. natural gas use). Total U.S. Energy Use (2009) = 95 quads Transportation Accounted for 28% Petroleum Accounts for 94% of Energy Used for Transportation
Energy and Transportation: Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21 st Century National Research Council Report, 2003 Transportation Challenges Vehicle mass reduction: use of new materials to improve fuel efficiency PMSE, POLY, CATL, INOR, TOXI Reduced material cost of proton exchange fuel cells PMSE, POLY, CATL, INOR, ORGN, FLUO Hydrogen generation, transportation and storage infrastructure ANAL, COLL, FUEL, INOR, ORGN, PHYS, CHAS, ENVR New, less expensive and more selective chemical catalysts CATL, INOR, ORGN, ANAL,
Energy Challenges Significant increases in energy efficiency of fossil fuels and chemical specificity of fossil fuel utilization (reduce CO 2 and other harmful exhaust. FUEL, CATL, ORGN, INOR, ANAL, TOXI, PHYS Develop infrastructure for conversion of natural gas to H 2 and environmentally clean liquid fuels. CATL, INOR, ORGN, PHYS, ANAL, PMSE, POLY, COLL Management of atmospheric CO2 levels: requires capture and sequestration GEOC, PHYS, POLY, PMSE, ORGN Large increase in field efficiency (ratio of field capacity and theoretical field capacity) is needed to realize potential of biomass BIOL, BIOT, ACRO, FUEL, Development of cost-effective photovoltaics for direct production of H 2 and electricity. PHYS, PMSE, POLY, ORGN, INOR, ANAL, Breakthroughs in energy storage technologies. PMSE, POLY, PHYS, INOR, ORGN, COLL, CHAS, TOXI