Linear Measurement

The U.S. system of measurement uses the inch, foot, yard, and mile to measure length. U.S. Units of Length 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd) 36 inches = 1 yard 5280 feet = 1 mile (mi) Unit Fractions

To convert from one unit of length to another, unit fractions may be used. A unit fraction is a fraction that equals 1. To convert 60 inches to feet, multiply by a unit fraction that relates feet to inches. The unit fraction should be written so that the units we are converting to, feet, are in the numerator and the original units, inches, are in the denominator. Unit fraction units converting to original units 60 in.

The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter. A meter is slightly longer than a yard. It is approximately inches long. Like the decimal system, the metric system uses powers of ten to define units. Metric System of Measurement

Prefix kilo hecto deka deci centi milli Meaning /10 1/100 1/ millimeter (mm)  1/1000 or m 1 centimeter (cm)  1/100 or 0.01 m 1 decimeter (dm)  1/10 or 0.1 m 1 meter (m)  1 m 1 dekameter (dam)  10 m 1 hectometer (hm)  100 m 1 kilometer (km)  1000 meters (m) Metric Unit of Length Metric System of Measurement

The most commonly used measurements of length in the metric system are the meter, millimeter, centimeter, and kilometer. Metric System of Measurement

As with the U.S. system of measurement, unit fractions may be used to convert from one unit of length to another. The major advantage of the metric system is the ease of converting from one unit of length to another. Since all units of length are powers of 10 of the meter, converting from one unit of length to another is as simple as moving the decimal point. Converting Between Measurements

Listing units of length in order from largest to smallest helps keep track of how many places to move the decimal point when converting. km hm dam m dm cm mm Using the listing of units of length, convert 3.5 m to centimeters. StartEnd 2 units to the right 3.50 m= 350. cm or 350 cm 2 places to the right Converting Between Measurements

The process of converting from one unit to another is called dimensional analysis, or unit analysis. To convert units, multiply by one or more conversion factors. A conversion factor is a ratio of two quantities that are equal but use different units. For example, to convert inches to feet you would use the ratio as a conversion factor. 1 ft 12 in.

Multiplying by a conversion factor is like multiplying by in. 1 ft ===1 12 in.

The average American uses 580 pounds of paper per year. Find this rate in pounds per month, to the nearest tenth. Additional Example 1: Using Conversion Factors to Solve Problems Convert the rate 580 pounds per year to pounds per month. 580 lb 1 yr 1 yr 12 mo 580 lb 12 mo 48.3 lb per month To convert the second amount in a rate, multiply by the conversion factor with that unit in the first quantity. Divide 580 by 12. The average American uses 48.3 pounds of paper per month. Divide out like units. yr mo = lb mo lb yr

Check It Out! Example 1 Sam drives his car 23,040 miles per year. Find this rate in the number of miles driven per month, to the nearest mile. Convert the rate 23,040 miles per year to miles per month. 23,040 mi 1 yr 1 yr 12 mo 23,040 mi 12 mo = = 1920 per month Divide 23,040 by 12. Sam drives his car 1920 miles per month. Divide out units. yr mo = mi mo mi yr To convert the second amount in a rate, multiply by the conversion factor with that unit in the first quantity.

Additional Example 2: Problem Solving Application A car traveled 60 miles on a road in 2 hours. Find this rate in feet per second.

1 Understand the Problem The problem is stated in units of miles and hours. The question asks for the answer in units of feet and seconds. You will need to use several conversion factors. List the important information: Feet to miles 5280 ft 1 mi Hours to minutes Minutes to seconds 1 min 60 s 1 h 60 min

You know the conversion factor that converts miles to feet. So multiply by each conversion factor separately, or simplify the problem and multiply by several conversion factors at once. 2 Make a Plan

Convert to miles per hour. Solve 3 60 mi 2 h = (60÷2) mi (2÷2) h = 30 mi 1 h Create a single conversion factor to convert hours directly to seconds: hours to seconds = 1 min 60 s Set up the conversion factors. minutes to seconds 1 min 60 s hours to minutes 1 h 60 min 1 h 60 min 1 h 3600 s = 30 mi 1 h 5280 ft 1 mi 1 h 3600 s

Solve Continued ft s = 158,400 ft 3600 s = 44 ft 1 s The car was traveling 44 feet per second. Divide out like units. 30 mi 1 h 5280 ft 1 mi 1 h 3600 s = =

A rate of 44 ft/s is less than 50 ft/s. A rate of 60 miles in 2 hours is 30 mi/h or 0.5 mi/min. 4 Look Back Since 0.5 mi/min is less than 3000 ft/ 60 s or 50 ft/s and 44 ft/s is less than 50 ft/s, then 44 ft/s is a reasonable answer.

Check It Out! Example 2 A train traveled 180 miles on a railroad track in 4 hours. Find this rate in feet per second.

1 Understand the Problem The problem is stated in units of miles and hours. The question asks for the answer in units of feet and seconds. You will need to use several conversion factors. List the important information: Feet to miles 5280 ft 1 mi Hours to minutes Minutes to seconds 1 min 60 s 1 h 60 min

2 Make a Plan You know the conversion factor that converts miles to feet. So multiply by each conversion factor separately, or simplify the problem and multiply by several conversion factors at once.

First, convert 180 miles in 4 hours into a unit rate. Solve mi 4 h = (180 ÷ 4) mi (4 ÷ 4) h = 45 mi 1 h Create a single conversion factor to convert hours directly to seconds: hours to seconds = 1 min 60 s Set up the conversion factors. minutes to seconds 1 min 60 s hours to minutes 1 h 60 min 1 h 60 min 1 h 3600 s = 45 mi 1 h 5280 ft 1 mi 1 h 3600 s

Solve Continued ft s = 237,600 ft 3600 s = 66 ft 1 s The train was traveling 66 feet per second. Divide out like units. 45 mi 1 h 5280 ft 1 mi 1 h 3600 s = =

A rate of 66 ft/s is more than 50 ft/s. A rate of 180 miles in 4 hours is 45 mi/h or 0.75 mi/min. 4 Look Back Since 0.75 mi/min is more than 3000 ft/60 s or 50 ft/s and 66 ft/s is more than 50 ft/s, then 66 ft/s is a reasonable answer.

Additional Example 3: Physical Science Application A strobe lamp can be used to measure the speed of an object. The lamp flashes every of a second. A camera records the object moving 52 cm between flashes. How fast is the object moving in m/s? Use dimensional analysis to check the reasonableness of your answer distance. time Use rate = 52 cm s

It may help to eliminate the fraction first. Additional Example 3 Continued Multiply numerator and denominator by cm 1 s = 52 cm s = cm s

Convert centimeters to meters to see if the answer is reasonable. Additional Example 3 Continued 5200 cm 1 s Multiply by the conversion factor m 100 s = 52 m 1 s = The object is traveling 52 m/s cm 1 s = 1 m 100 cm

Check It Out! Example 3 A strobe lamp can be used to measure the speed of an object. The lamp flashes every of a second. A camera records the object moving 65 cm between flashes. How fast is the object moving in m/s? distance. time Use rate = 65 cm s

It may help to eliminate the fraction first. Check It Out! Example 3 Continued Multiply numerator and denominator by cm 1 s = 65 cm s = cm s

Convert centimeters to meters to see if the answer is reasonable. Check It Out! Example 3 Continued 6500 cm 1 s Multiply by the conversion factor m 100 s = 65 m 1 s = The object is traveling 65 m/s cm 1 s = 1 m 100 cm

Lesson Quiz 1. You drive 136 miles from your house to your aunt’s house at the lake. You use 8 gallons of gas. How many yards does your car get to the gallon? 2. A cheetah was timed running 200 yards in 6 seconds. What was its average speed in miles per hour? 29,920 yd gal ≈ 68 mi/h

Convert from: To:Multiply by: milekilometer (km) inchmillimeter (mm)25.4 inchcentimeter (cm)2.54 footmeter (m) yardmeter (m)0.9144

Which of the following represents the longest length? A. 248 mm B. 21 cm C. 2 m D. 0.9 km

Answer: 0.9 km

Convert half of a mile, three yards, and two feet into total feet.

Answer: 2651 feet

Mark has three 650-milliliter bottles of lemonade. Is one 2-liter bottle large enough to hold all of the lemonade from the three bottles? How much more or less would there be?

Answer: Yes. (Total is 1950ml = 1.95 liters) 50 ml more room left in 2 liter bottle.