1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 3 Intro. To Organic Molecules & Functional Groups

2 Why is Vitamin A water insoluble?

3 Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is water soluble (unlike Vitamin A!)

4 Fig. 3.7

5 Fig. 3.8

6 A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties. It is the reactive part of the molecule. These structural features distinguish one organic molecule from another. They determine a molecule’s geometry, physical properties, and reactivity, and comprise what is called a functional group.

7 Tab. 3.1

8 Tab. 3.2

9 First used anesthetic A neurotoxin produced by ‘red tides’

10 Tab. 3.3

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Identify the functional groups in the molecule shown to the right. A)aldehyde, ester, carboxylic acid B)ketone, alcohol, amine C)aromatic ring, ester, alcohol D)aromatic ring, ester, amine E)aromatic ring, ether, amine 12

Identify the functional groups in the molecule shown here. A)alkene, amide, amine, aromatic ring, ether B)alkene, amine, aromatic ring, ester, ketone C)alkene, amide, amine, aromatic ring, ester D)alkene, amide, amine, aromatic ring E)alkene, amine, aromatic ring, carboxylic acid 13

14 A functional group determines all of the following properties of a molecule:  Bonding and shape  Type and strength of intermolecular forces  Physical properties  Nomenclature  Chemical reactivity

15 Intermolecular forces are interactions that exist between molecules. Functional groups determine the type and strength of these interactions. There are several types of intermolecular interactions.

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17 Fig. 3.1

18 Fig. 3.2 For two compounds with similar functional groups: The larger the surface area, the higher the boiling point. The more polarizable the atoms, the higher the boiling point.

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21 Tab. 3.4

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing strength of intermolecular forces: (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3, (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH, (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 A)(CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 B)(CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH C)(CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH D)(CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH < (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 E)(CH 3 ) 2 CHOH < (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 < (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH 3 22

Rank the following compounds in order of increasing strength of intermolecular forces: KF, CH 3 OH, CH 3 F A)KF < CH 3 F < CH 3 OH B)KF < CH 3 OH < CH 3 F C)CH 3 OH < KF < CH 3 F D)CH 3 OH < CH 3 F < KF E)CH 3 F < CH 3 OH < KF 23

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Rank the compounds in the group shown below in order of increasing boiling point: A)4 < 3 < 2 < 1 B)3 < 2 < 1 < 4 C)1 < 3 < 2 < 4 D)2 < 1 < 3 < 4 E)3 < 4 < 2 < 1 27

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Rank the compounds in this group in order of increasing melting point: CH 3 F, CH 3 Cl, CH 3 I A)CH 3 I < CH 3 Cl < CH 3 F B)CH 3 Cl < CH 3 F < CH 3 I C)CH 3 Cl < CH 3 I < CH 3 F D)CH 3 F < CH 3 Cl < CH 3 I E)CH 3 F < CH 3 I < CH 3 Cl 32

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Rank the compounds in the group shown below in order of increasing water solubility: A)2 < 3 < 1 B)3 < 2 < 1 C)1 < 2 < 3 D)2 < 1 < 3 E)3 < 1 < 2 36

 Page 111 Problem 3.33  Page 111 Problem 3.35  Page 112 Problem