Confidence Building Measures Anatoly A.Streltsov D.Tech., D.J., prof. deputy director of the IPII MSU named by M.V.Lomonosov

The relevance of the issue Creation confidence building measures in the information sphere has become a major priority for the foreign policy of many states Confidence Building Measures2

The aims of Confidence-building measures in information sphere Creating the environment of mutual understanding between nations, which reduces the risk of a surprise attack on the key national information infrastructure facilities or a violent armed conflict triggered by the use of special information and communications technologies (the so-called 'information weapon') to achieve political ends and also to interfere with the internal affairs of other nations Confidence Building Measures3

Confidence-building measures A set of measures on informing the Contracting States on matters of common interest in connection with actual or potential concerns arising in the field of international relations Confidence Building Measures4

The main threats to international information security the use of information and communication technologies as tools of warfare and intelligence for political purposes; the use of information and communication technologies for the planning and organization of terrorist activities, as well as the preparation and commission of terrorist acts; the use of information and communication technologies as tools for the implementation of crime in the information sphere; the use of the global information infrastructure for the implementation of acts of sabotage, including the actions of individuals, groups and organizations (including criminal) offering and performing intermediary functions in the implementation of a subversive network activities on behalf of other persons. (The report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations General Assembly session, 65) Confidence Building Measures5

Danger of the threats These threats have the most significant influence in shaping the foreign policy component of States ' concerns related to national and international information security. (UN A/65/201) Confidence Building Measures6

Confidence-building measures in the information sphere A set of measures on informing the Contracting States: strategies for the use of information and communication technologies to assist the force in opposing States in peace and war, the prevention and resolution of crises in the area of information infrastructure, combating cybercrime and cyberterrorism, use of resources by States for the dissemination of national culture and political preferences in foreign countries Confidence Building Measures7

1. The ability to disrupt on political grounds the stable operation of the Internet which is the de-facto basis of the global information infrastructure It is reasonable that confidence building measures in this area should be built towards searching and developing efficient ways of involving interested nations to perform Internet control functions Confidence Building Measures8

The directions of Confidence-building measures It is apparent that not all Internet control functions are equally important sustaining the stable operation of the global information infrastructure. If we assume that the main network operation controls are handled by Internet providers, then regarding the implementation of confidence building measures it would be possible to start discussing the issues of: Developing the international regulatory environment of Internet services; Determining quality standards for those services Confidence Building Measures9

2. The ability to include latent malicious functions in information and communications technologies The setting up forums to discuss the possibility of establishing of the following measures both: setting special safety standards for information and communications technology products, introducing a system of voluntary certification to meet the above standards, establishing an international judicial body to review claims of certified product non- compliance with applicable requirements and setting out certain liability for offenders Confidence Building Measures10

3. The escalating risk of the 'information arms' race and associated methods of employing information weapons The adoption international legal instruments, emerging norms of international humanitarian law, international security law and law of war as they apply to the use of the 'information weapon' in interstate conflicts; establishing both the 'hot' line between authorized representatives of states to discuss suspicions and misunderstandings and at the UN Security Council an intergovernmental agency tasked with conducting joint investigations on employment of information and communications technologies to disrupt the operation of key national information infrastructure Confidence Building Measures11

4. The potential access for terrorist organizations and individual terrorist to prototyped 'information weapons' and methods of employing such weapons towards political ends The exchange of information on aspirations of terrorist organizations and individual terrorists to gain access to prototyped information weapons and methods of employing such weapons Confidence Building Measures12

5. The increasing the social danger of information criminality in the face of considerable efforts exerted by law enforcement services The discussing the issues of the adopting under the UN auspices a general purpose international treaty laying out mutually beneficial mechanisms of information crime fighting, drawing more benefits from existing international treaties regulating this area, as well as, enhancing the potential of competent government authorities and international organizations, for instance, Interpol, to fight computer crime Confidence Building Measures13

6. The using by some states of information agencies, social networks and other information and communications technologies to undermine social stability in foreign states, to give international support to decision to use military force for the changing of other state policy lines The establishment of a forum to discuss ways to reduce this concern Confidence Building Measures14

The proposals 1. To discuss the appropriateness of the those or others measures of confidence-building measures in the field of information. 2. To prepare and publish a booklet outlining the views of the members of the Consortium Confidence Building Measures15

Thank you for your attention Confidence Building Measures16