Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Habitats II-1D View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” During the slide show, you can right click on any slide and choose pointer options then pen or highlighter to write on any slide. But you will need to right click & choose pointer options then arrow before you can click on any of the navigation links again. Click to Start

Name four major habitat areas are critical to the survival of the living resources of the Bay. No hint 1.Islands and Inlands 2.Freshwater Tributaries 3.Shallow Water 4.Open Water HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-1

________ and __________ ___________ are particularly important to waterfowl, other migratory birds and colonial waterbirds. On inlands & Islands HintAnswerNext Slide Forestsforested wetlands II-1D-2

______________, _______________and _________________ form the transition from water to land. These areas act as buffers by removing sediments, nutrients, organic matter and pollutants from runoff before these substances can enter the water. On Inlands & Islands HintAnswerNext Slide Streambanks wetlands floodplains II-1D-3

The Bay lies within the ______________, a major migration route for neotropical migrants and migrating waterfowl, and is a significant resting area for birds. Initials A. F. Atlantic Flyway HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-4

Name two reasons that islands are eroding at alarming rates. No hint 1.sea level rise 2.erosive force of wind and waves. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-5

Surrounded by water and cut off from most large predators, Bay islands are a haven for __________ ____________ (terns and herons), ___________ (ducks) and _________ (osprey and bald eagles). No hint HintAnswerNext Slide raptors colonial waterbirds waterfowl II-1D-6

Islands also can protect underwater bay grasses and shallow water areas from _____________ and _______________. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide sedimentationerosion II-1D-7

Name the five major rivers that provide almost 90% of the freshwater to the Bay. Polite Suzy really likes James York 1.Susquehanna 2.Potomac 3.Rappahannock 4.York 5.James HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-8

__________________ fish, such as white and yellow perch, inhabit tidal tributaries but also require freshwater to spawn. No hint Semi-anadromous HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-9

_______________ fish spend their adult lives in the ocean but must spawn in freshwater. No hint Anadromous HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-10

Name seven anadromous fish species that live in the Bay: No hint 1.striped bass (rockfish) 2.blueback herring 3.Alewife 4.American shad 5.hickory shad 6.shortnose sturgeon 7.Atlantic sturgeon. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-11

While all of these anadromous and semi- anadromous species have different habitat requirements, all must have access to freshwater spawning grounds. Why are many of the historical spawning grounds no longer available to fish? No hint due to dams and other obstacles HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-12

Fish not only need access to spawning grounds but require good stream and water quality conditions for the development and survival of eggs and juvenile fish. Name four things that degrade spawning & nursery habitat? No hint 1.Nutrients 2.chemical contaminants 3.excessive sediment 4.low dissolved oxygen HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-13

Name five predators, that forage for food in the bay grass beds, tidal marshes and shallow shoreline margins. No hint 1.blue crabs 2.Spot 3.striped bass 4.waterfowl 5.colonial waterbirds 6.raptors HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-14

Even unvegetated areas, exposed at low tide, are productive feeding areas. Explain the life cycle in this area No hint Microscopic plants cycle nutrients and are fed upon by crabs and fish. HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-15

_________, __________ and _________ of larger fish species use bay grass beds, tidal marshes and shallow shoreline margins as nursery areas and for refuge. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide Shrimp killifish juveniles II-1D-16

Along shorelines, _______________ and ________________ also give cover to small aquatic animals. No hint HintAnswerNext Slide fallen trees limbs II-1D-17

Open water also supports ___________ and other bottom dwellers. These filter feeders help maintain water quality by filtering suspended organic particles out of the water. No hint oysters HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-18

The _________________ itself is a solid structure that provides habitat for other shellfish, finfish and crabs. No hint oyster reef HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-19

Name eight fish that live in the open, or pelagic, waters of the Bay. No hint 1.Striped bass 2.Bluefish 3.Weakfish 4.American shad 5.blueback herring 6.Alewife 7.bay anchovy 8.Atlantic menhaden HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-20

Although unseen by the naked eye, microscopic plants and animal life (_____________) float in the open waters. These tiny organisms form the food base for many other animals. No hint plankton HintAnswerNext Slide II-1D-21

Hundreds of thousands of wintering ducks, particularly sea ducks like _______, __________ and ___________, depend on open water for the shellfish, invertebrates and fish they eat during the winter months. No hint HintAnswerLast Slide scoters oldsquaw mergansers II-1D-22