Division, Reconciliation, and Expansion American Literature Division, Reconciliation, and Expansion American Literature

America goes from an agricultural nation to an industrial nation

America goes through the CIVIL WAR

THE FRONTIER DISAPPEARS Railroads mining Cattle Ranching All contributed to the shrinking 0f the frontier.

By 1890, virtually all of the Native Americans had been forced from their land

Technology Explosion! Electricity replaces Steam power. The Telephone! The Automobile The Phonograph

THE MOVIE PALACE

The Skyscraper !

Greater Extremes Between the Rich and the Poor.

Naturalism/Realism Began shortly after the Civil War Writers focused on “real life” Depicted people in real life situations – but believed That greater forces like FATE RULED AN INDIVIDUALS DESTINY Focused on the changing culture.

TIMELINE Whitman publishes 1860 Abraham Lincoln1876 Twain Leaves of Grass is elected presidentpublishes The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1859 Darwin introduces 1861 Civil War begins1877 military theory of evolution occupation of the south ends 1865 Lee Surrenders to Grant

TIMELINE Twain Publishes 1895 First professional 1905 Einstein The Adventures of football game played inproposes Huckleberry Finn Latrobe, Pa relativity theory 1886 Statue of Liberty 1895 Stephen Crane 1908 Ford builds dedicated in New York publishes The Red Model T. Harbor Badge of Courage

Ambrose Bierce 1842 – 1914? Was a Union Officer in the Civil War AFTER THE WAR Worked as a Journalist in San Francisco - Wrote political satire - used the pseudonym “Jonathan Oldstyle” Was nicknamed “The Wickedest Man in San Francisco”

HENRY JAMES Considered to be the master of the Novel and Novella forms. Many of his stories and novels center around America’s culture clash with Europe in the late 1800s. His observations about proper Europeans and brash Americans are chronicled in “Daisy Miller”

CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN Is considered a “Feminist Utopian” Was an activist for social reform What she accomplished in her lifetime was considered exceptional for a woman. Her short story, “The Yellow Wallpaper” is Semi-autobiographical.

EDITH WHARTON Wrote about America’s “Privileged” Class Was a good friend of Henry James Like James, she also explored culture differences between “young” Americans and Europeans Often employed dramatic irony and humor In her writing.

KATE CHOPIN Most of her stories are set in a Louisiana Creole background Her novel, The Awakening (1899) was a banned book in America for a period of time. The novel was considered controversial because it explored the issues of infidelity, divorce and women’s equality.