The Colonial Period The Path to Independence

Colonial Governments Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies Charter ColoniesCharter Colonies Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies

Royal Colonies Created by a grant of authority under the king’s authority to a groupCreated by a grant of authority under the king’s authority to a group Governor appointed by the crownGovernor appointed by the crown Advisory council appointed by the crownAdvisory council appointed by the crown An elected assembly, e.g. House of Burgesses in VirginiaAn elected assembly, e.g. House of Burgesses in Virginia An established Anglican churchAn established Anglican church

Charter Colonies Created by Parliament and the king,Created by Parliament and the king, Authority established through a charterAuthority established through a charter Self governing either through a charter obtained from the crown (Massachusetts Bay Colony) or self-administered (Plymouth Colony) through the Mayflower CompactSelf governing either through a charter obtained from the crown (Massachusetts Bay Colony) or self-administered (Plymouth Colony) through the Mayflower Compact Governor selected by the colonyGovernor selected by the colony Assembly elected by the colonyAssembly elected by the colony

Proprietary Colonies Created when large grants of land and authority were made to one or a small group of men, known as the proprietorsCreated when large grants of land and authority were made to one or a small group of men, known as the proprietors Proprietor retains rights that are normally the privilege of the stateProprietor retains rights that are normally the privilege of the state Colonial government and rules are established by the proprietorColonial government and rules are established by the proprietor Maryland (George Calvert, Lord Baltimore) and Pennsylvania (William Penn) are examplesMaryland (George Calvert, Lord Baltimore) and Pennsylvania (William Penn) are examples

Moves Towards Union New England ConfederationNew England Confederation Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New England Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress

New England Confederation 1643 – 1654 A political and military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New HavenA political and military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven Each colony had two votes regardless of populationEach colony had two votes regardless of population Primary purpose to unite Puritan colonies against IndiansPrimary purpose to unite Puritan colonies against Indians Provided for the return of fugitive criminals and indentured servantsProvided for the return of fugitive criminals and indentured servants Served as a forum for resolving inter-colonial disputesServed as a forum for resolving inter-colonial disputes Provided a basis for the further collaboration of Colonies in times such as the American RevolutionProvided a basis for the further collaboration of Colonies in times such as the American Revolution Ended when Massachusetts declined to join in war against the NetherlandsEnded when Massachusetts declined to join in war against the Netherlands

Dominion of New England 1686 – 1689 Short-lived involuntary union of colonies in New EnglandShort-lived involuntary union of colonies in New England Centralized authority imposed by the crownCentralized authority imposed by the crown Created to enforce Navigation Acts and for mutual defense against the Indians and the FrenchCreated to enforce Navigation Acts and for mutual defense against the Indians and the French Ended with the Glorious Revolution and rebellion against English governorEnded with the Glorious Revolution and rebellion against English governor

Albany Plan of Union 1754 Proposed by Benjamin FranklinProposed by Benjamin Franklin Planned to include all colonies, except Delaware and GeorgiaPlanned to include all colonies, except Delaware and Georgia Called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for Indian relations, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities.Called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for Indian relations, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities. Called for a Grand Council to be selected by the colonial legislatures where the number of delegates would be based on the taxes paid by each colonyCalled for a Grand Council to be selected by the colonial legislatures where the number of delegates would be based on the taxes paid by each colony Rejected by King George II and the legislatures of the individual seven colonies since it would remove some of their existing powers.Rejected by King George II and the legislatures of the individual seven colonies since it would remove some of their existing powers. Some features of plan were later adopted in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.Some features of plan were later adopted in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.

Stamp Act Congress 1765 Meeting of 9 colonies to discuss Stamp ActMeeting of 9 colonies to discuss Stamp Act Adopted Declaration of Rights and Grievances stating that:Adopted Declaration of Rights and Grievances stating that: Only the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the coloniesOnly the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the colonies Trial by jury was a right, and the use of Admiralty Courts was abusiveTrial by jury was a right, and the use of Admiralty Courts was abusive Colonists possessed all the rights of EnglishmenColonists possessed all the rights of Englishmen Without voting rights, Parliaments could not represent the colonistsWithout voting rights, Parliaments could not represent the colonists

First Continental Congress 1774 Formed largely in response to the Intolerable Acts.Formed largely in response to the Intolerable Acts. Drafted the Articles of Association, a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods.Drafted the Articles of Association, a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods. Called for a Second Continental Congress to meet in 1775.Called for a Second Continental Congress to meet in 1775.

Second Continental Congress Adopted the Declaration of IndependenceAdopted the Declaration of Independence Created the Articles of ConfederationCreated the Articles of Confederation Acted as the de facto national government of the United States by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties.Acted as the de facto national government of the United States by raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties. Had no legal authority to govern.Had no legal authority to govern. Could not tax.Could not tax.

The Articles of Confederation 1781 – 1789

Major Features –  States retain sovereignty in all areas unless specifically denied  One vote per state  Foreign relations and war in the hands of Congress  Sets standards for weights and measures (including coins)  Congress acts as a court for interstate disputes  Congress can not tax  Requires 9 states to approve admission of new states  Changes to the Articles require all states to vote for ratification

The Articles of Confederation (Congress of the Confederation) 1781 – 1789 Accomplishments –  Successful conclusion to Revolutionary War – Battle of Yorktown (1781)  Treaty of Paris (1783)  Northwest Ordinance (1787)

US after the Treaty of Paris