Histology 1.Epithelial tissues 2.Connective tissues 3.Muscle tissues 4.Nervous tissues

Cuboidal Epithelium Equal in height and width Secretory portions of glands or in tubules of kidney and tissue covering the ovary

Squamous Epithelium Flat irregular outline Scalelike Thin Lining blood vessels, pericardium, pleurae, skin

Columnar Epithelium Packed closely together Protective covering for the inner surface of an organ Lining of the digestive tract Secretions

Stratified Columnar Epithelium This is pseudostratified True stratified composed of many layers Notice these columnar cells are ciliated Line trachea

Connective Tissue Bone Cartilage Dense fibrous connective tissue Loose fibrous connective tissue Liquid connective tissue

Bone Characterized by osteocytes in compact bone, with Haversian canals, concentric lacunae Found in skeleton Framework for movement, support, and protection Stores minerals; makes blood

Bone Dark stained areas lacunae Lumen are Haverian canals

Cartilage Chondrocytes in lacunae Mostly intracellular Found in pinna, ends of long bones, larynx, nose, between vertebrae, between rib and breastbone, trachae Function is to cushion, lend rigidity to boneless structures, slippery surface for some joints

Types of Cartilage Hyaline CartilageElastic Cartilage Fibrous CartilageGrowth Plate

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Regularly arranged Collagen and fibroblasts Found in tendons and ligaments Joins muscles to bones or bone to bone; provides protection and carries blood supply

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue TendonIrregular Dense CT

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue Elastic: elastin, capsules of organs, holds organ together, lungs and vessels Areolar: loose weave, facial area beneath skin, collagen, support, reservoir fluids and salts Reticular: surrounds individual cells, acts as filler tissue and support; muscle fibers, liver, lymph nodes, and spleen Adipose: around organs, beneath skin, breast, cushions, insulates, and stores fat

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue ElasticMucosal (Areolar) ReticularAdipose

Liquid Connective Tissue Blood: found in heart and vessels; functions in respiration, nutrition, excretion, body temperature, disease protection Lymph: found in tissue spaces between cells, cerebrospinal fluid; functions in bathing cells, nutrition, and protection from disease

Liquid Connective Tissue B: Red Blood Cell nucleated A & C: Leucocytes Lymphocytes along margin

Muscle Tissues Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Skeletal Muscle Attached to skeleton Voluntary control Fibers are elongate, cylindrical, with blunt ends Striated Multiple Nuclei per fiber Nuclei are peripheral Has most rapid contraction speed Has least duration of contraction length

Smooth Muscle Located in walls in stomach, arteries, and veins Involuntary control Fibers are elongate, spindle, with pointed ends No striations One nuclei per fiber Nucleus is centrally located Has slowest contraction speed Has greatest duration of contraction

Cardiac Muscle Located in walls of heart Involuntary control Fibers are elongate, cylindrical, fibers branch and fuse Has striations One-two nuclei per fiber Nuclei are located centrally Has intermediate speed of contraction Has intermediate duration of contraction

Muscle Tissues SkeletalSkeletal with striations SmoothCardiac

Nervous Tissue Neurons Glial cells Schwann cells

Neurons 3 parts: soma, dendrites, and axon Dendrites receive inputs Axons conducts impulses away from the cell body toward another neuron, muscle, or gland 3 types of neurons: motor (muscles), sensory (sense organs), and associative (relay from sensory to motor neurons)

Glial Cells Many different types, including astrocytes Supporting cells for neurons Smaller and more numerous than neurons Give rise to most tumors in CNS

Schwann Cells May be categorized with glial cells Supporting cells found outside CNS form sheaths Nearly all neurons 2 micrometers or greater in diameter are myelinated-covered with Schwann cells

Nervous Tissue Myelinated nerve cellsUnmyelinated nerve cells Astrocytes – Glial cells