Introduction To Your Body By: Hannah Troy, Brittany Speck, Nick Kiwak, Evan Petrosky, Meghan Meyer, Michael K

 Tissues- Group of cells working together for a common function. There are four basic types- epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissues.  Organs- A group of tissues that work together to perform a single function is called a organ.  Organ System- An organ system is a group of organ that perform closely related functions.

 Skeletal- supports and protects the body.  Muscular- gives body the ability to move.  Digestive- Processes food into a form that the cells if the body can use; absorbs food.  Excretory- Rids the body of wastes.  Immune- Fights off invading germs; provides protection from diseases and parasites.  Nervous- Retrieves information and relays messages.

 Integumentary- Protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration.  Respiratory- Brings oxygen to the body and rids the body of carbon dioxide.  Circulatory- bring oxygen, food, and chemical messages to cells.  Reproductive- Produces reproductive cells; in females, nurtures and protects developing embryo.  Endocrine- Helps to regulate and control the body’s functions.

Communication and Control

 Neurons- the message-carrying cell of the nervous system  Neurons can relay signals from one end of a cell to the other, can also pass these impulses from cell to cell  The center of this network is the brain where impulses arrive from every part of the body

 This broadcasting system is the endocrine system  The endocrine system is made up of a series of glands located throughout the body  Glands are organs that produce and release chemicals -Endocrine glands generally release their chemicals into the blood stream

 Endocrine glands send signals between each other and other cells in the body. -produced by the endocrine glands in the form of hormones  Hormones- chemicals that travel through the blood stream -particular hormones are called target cells

 Pituitary gland- the tiny structure at the base of the brain  Hypothalamus- attached to a region of the brain  Some hormones released from the pituitary gland are made in the hypothalamus.

 Thyroxine- body’s most important hormone  Made by the thyroid gland  Gland needs amino acids thyrosine and iodine, obtained by food, to make throxine  Thyroxine increases a cells metabolic rate in which they use food and oxygen.

 Thyroxine makes cells grow faster -too much results in: Increased blood pressure, lowered pulse rate, excessive sleepiness, and weight gain

 Hypothalamus cells have receptors for thyroxine  When thyroxine levels drop, hypothalamus increase activity -cells produce a thyroid releasing hormone - TRH goes to the pituitary gland through tiny blood vessels - This causes the gland cells to release TSH into the blood stream

 Combination of the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland  Regulates the level of thyroxine in the bloodstream  When there’s not enough, the thyroid gland is stimulated by TSH to make more  When there’s too much, TSH isn’t released so that the thyroid makes less

 When it works too fast, thyroxine causes the hypothalamus to signal the TG to slow down  When it’s working too slow, low levels of thyroxine cause the hypo. to signal the TG to speed up  Negative feedback regulates the release of hormones  It’s secretion of hormones inhabits further production of another hormone  NF enables conditions in the body to stay consistant

Systems  Human Psychology- The study of how the body works  Immune System- fights diseases  Digestive System- breaks down complex molecules in food. These molecules are absorbed into the blood  Circulatory System- transports blood through the body  Nervous System- anxiety  Endocrine System- nerves

 Adrenal Cortex- releases adrenaline  Respiratory System- clears carbon dioxide Nervous system issues commands to the muscles so they contract in patterns on your bones, making you able to move.