World War I 12.1 World War I Begins. The Start  Cause: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

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Presentation transcript:

World War I 12.1 World War I Begins

The Start  Cause: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

June 1914: The Assassination Archduke Ferdinand - Heir to the throne of Austria- Hungary Sympathetic to the Slavic Cause Visited Sarajevo – capital of Bosnia

June 1914: The Assassination Archduke Ferdinand Shot by Gavrilo Princip - Serbian nationalist – member of the Black Hand Also killed wife Sophie Will Cause: The Great War

Alliance Dominoes

Austria-Hungary - declared war on Serbia Russia – bound by treaty to Serbia - declares war on Austria- Hungary.

Alliance Dominoes Germany – (ally of Austria Hungary) declares war on Russia and its ally France - wants Alsace-Lorraine from France Germany declares war on Belgium to attack France

Alliance Dominoes Britain – (ally of Belgium and France) declares war on Germany Ottoman Empire enters the war as a Central Power - Hopes to gain land in the Middle East

Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy – remained neutral until 1915 before joining the Allies United States – remained neutral until 1917 before joining the Allies

Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Bulgaria

Alliance Dominoes A local conflict has now ballooned into a global war….How? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

The Schlieffen Plan  Named for designer Alfred von Schlieffen  Offensive and Defensive  Based on idea that Germany could not win on two fronts at same time.

Original German Military Strategy Quickly defeat France on the “Western Front” before Russia can mobilize – 6 weeks British forces would be stranded and unable to cross English channel – destroy them Then turn focus at Russia on the “Eastern Front”

The Schlieffen Plan in Action Germany invaded France through neutral Belgium (Aug 1914) =Re-supply and communication difficult for Germany Belgian Army defends against German troops - Gave French and British forces time to rush troops to battle

Germans able to push Allies back to Marne River (France) First Battle of Marne -Allies push advancing Germans back 40 miles - Germans dig deep trenches -French dig shallow trenches By the end of 1914 – War is a potential stalemate = Trench Warfare