Good Research Practice Other Roles of the Researcher Fang Mao, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Mi Wang, Department of EBC Getachew Kebede, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Aleksandra Denisova, Department of Chemistry-BMC Erika Billinger, Department of Chemistry-BMC

1. The supervisor and Postgraduate supervision  The tasks of the supervisor Define a suitable thesis project Draw up an individual study plan Test doctoral student’s ideas Discuss and comment on methods, results and interpretation Provide encouragement and constructive critism Ensure no circumstances arise that could jeopardize the relationship between supervisor and PhD student  Potential problems A risk project that can’t get enough acceptable achievement for graduation The process maybe not follow with the study plan Offer too little flexibility for student’s own idea Not enough time to discuss or comments on methods, results and interpretation Don’t care the student's feeling Bad relationship between the supervisor and the student Supervisor has a responsibility to create conditions that will help to develop the doctoral student’s knowledge and skills

1. Whose idea? In discussions between supervisor and PhD student, different arguments and approaches are tested and views and ideas exchanged. Sometimes it is also important to consider how justice can best be done to the two parties’ constributions as the work continues and the results are published. These are important:  In the thesis PhD student clarify any contributions by others, including his/her supervisor  If the supervisor uses or develops on ideas from the student, he/she should consult with the student and not conceal their origins  Ideas which supervisor suggests to PhD student for further investigation, however, do not thereby become the student’s property  The supervisor must be able to continue to work on these ideas in his/her own research withou jeopardizing the student’s work.

1. The thesis and its presentation  Goal of the PhD student: dissertation Complete & public Supervisorexaminercommunity Factors financial considerations future prospects completion time personal wishes supervisor’s wishes, see a postgraduate gain PhD ASAP collect “PhD points” for the department.

1. Responsibility for ethical and legal compliance  Ethical and legal rules vary depending on research  Supervisor should consequently keep abreast with relevant documents  E.g. in medical research: – terminated if patients or healthy subjects suffer unexpected harm – the ratio of risk to benefit is not consistent with the risk-benefit assessment

 Combining teaching and research.  Both the teacher and the students are beneficiaries. Image from 2. The teacher  The teachers should follow the ethical rules set by Yrkesetiska riktlinjer för universitetslärare, 2005.

3. Assessing applications and proposals  Researchers are frequently called upon to review colleagues’ research proposals  Accepting invitations vs. conflict of interest  Consult organizations, for example, the Swedish Research Council (2006) concerning how to resolve conflict of interest

4. Reviewing manuscripts for publication: problems  Stealing ideas, ”sitting on” manuscripts, then publishing results by their own groups  Preventing the publication without any cause  Unknown identities of reviewers, but known of authors  Lack of willing and competent reviewers, but the amount of manuscripts under review is big

4. Reviewing manuscripts for publication: solution to the problems  Control of reviewers and papers under revision: quick submition of reports, references to the source  Double-blind or entirely open system  Valuable benefits for reviewers: enlisting not only willing but also competent reviewers

5. Committee work  Involved in decisions and appraisals concerning other people's research  Important to make every effort to be independent of their own research community and affiliations, to avoid showing special favour to their own discipline, university or department, colleagues or students.  Seen by colleagues as ”the representative of their discipline”  Open discussion about what membership of an given committee entails. – They represents the entire research community if no other terms have been specified. – Appointments to committees of this kind are to be regarded as positions of trust

5. Committee work  Important to remember that you represents the whole research community whether you like it or not.  Usually appointed because you represent a certain desired area of expertise, consequently, the researcher has responsibility  The membership should not result in lending scientific legitimacy to a company’s operations or production. The task is to communicate the results and possibilities of research, without exaggeration or concealment.

Thank you!