Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter 1: American Federalism  Defining Federalism  Constitutional Structure of American Federalism  National Courts and Federalism  National Budget as a Tool of Federalism  Politics of Federalism

Defining Federalism LO 1.1 Interpret the definitions of federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the American system of federalism. Federalism—text covers 6 types, but only 3 are really important (*) Dual*—limits national power Cooperative*—more national power Marble cake—mixed responsibilities Competitive—all levels compete Permissive—national dominance New*--devolution to more state control LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Defining Federalism Alternatives to Federalism Unitary system Confederation LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Defining Federalism Why Federalism? a compromise Advantages Checks the growth of tyranny Allows unity without conformity Encourages experimentation Provides training and develops leaders Keeps government closer to the people Disadvantages Difficult to respond quickly to national problems Difficult to hold elected officials accountable Lack of uniformity leads to conflict Variation in policies creates redundancies and inefficiencies LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives

LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism LO 1.2 Differentiate the powers the Constitution provides to national and state governments. Powers of national government are delegated to it. (Article I, Section 8) National government is supreme.(Art. 6) State governments have reserved powers. (Amendment 10) Both levels of government are denied some powers. (Article I, Sections 9 and 10) LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Powers of the National Government Delegated or “enumerated” Implied – “necessary and proper” clause Inherent—e.g. foreign affairs The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Other National Powers The War Power The Power to Regulate Commerce The Power to Tax and Spend The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Powers of the State Reserved—but must not conflict with national laws Concurrent The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Interstate Relationships Full Faith and Credit (Article IV, Section 1) Interstate Privileges and Immunities (Article IV, Section 2) Extradition (also IV, 2) Interstate Compacts (Commerce clause in Article I, Section 8) The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The National Courts and Federalism LO 1.3 Assess the role of the national courts in defining the relationship between the national and state governments and evaluate the positions of decentralists and centralists. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) National Courts and the Relationship with the States—back and forth and back and forth Continuing battle in courts (e.g., the Health Care Reform Act and Voter ID laws) LO 1.3 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Great Debate Centralists Abraham Lincoln, FDR Reject the idea that the Constitution is an interstate compact National government is the government of all the people Decentralists Antifederalists, Thomas Jefferson, Ronald Reagan Constitution is a compact among sovereign states National government should not interfere with activities of the states Devolution revolution, states’ rights The National Courts and Federalism LO 1.3 Back to learning objectives

The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism LO 1.4 Analyze the budget as a tool of federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and local governments. Supply state and local governments with revenue Establish minimum national standards Equalize resources among the states Attack national problems while minimizing the growth of federal agencies LO 1.4 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Types of Federal Grants Three types of grants used Categorical-formula: usually some matching Project: competitive Block: often includes cuts The Politics of Federal Grants—NCLB (accept or reject or try to change) Unfunded Mandates: Unfunded Mandates Act of 1995 has limited # passed The National Budget as a Tool of Federalism LO 1.4 Back to learning objectives

The Politics of Federalism LO 1.5 Evaluate the current relationship between the national and state governments and the future challenges for federalism. Growth of the National Government? Has happened for many reasons: crises, state failures, growing interdependence, nationalized economy and communications, citizen and interest group demands Future of Federalism? Can we have less government and meet modern challenges like terrorism? National disasters? Modernizing infrastructure? Modern education? LO 1.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The ___ type of government has power vested in a central authority. A.Unitary B.Federal C.Confederate LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The ___ type of government has power vested in a central authority. A.Unitary B.Federal C.Confederate LO 1.1 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman State-only powers are known as ____. A.Concurrent B.Reserved C.Extradition D.Supremacy LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman State-only powers are known as ____. A.Concurrent B.Reserved C.Extradition D.Supremacy LO 1.2 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Who of the following would have been a decentralist? A.Abraham Lincoln B.Franklin Delano Roosevelt C.Ronald Reagan D.All of the above LO 1.3 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Who of the following would have been a decentralist? A.Abraham Lincoln B.Franklin Delano Roosevelt C.Ronald Reagan D.All of the above LO 1.3 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ are used for very strict controls of what states are doing in a general purpose. A.Categorical-formula grants B.Project grants C.Block grants D.Unfunded mandates LO 1.4 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman ___ are used for very strict controls of what states are doing in a general purpose. A.Categorical-formula grants B.Project grants C.Block grants D.Unfunded mandates LO 1.4 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What area makes it difficult to move away from central control? A.Education B.Homeland security C.Immigration D.All of the above LO 1.5 Back to learning objectives

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Education B.Homeland security C.Immigration D.All of the above What area makes it difficult to move away from central control? LO 1.5 Back to learning objectives