©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An Introduction to Writing: Part 2 English Brushup, 3E John Langan.

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Presentation transcript:

©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. An Introduction to Writing: Part 2 English Brushup, 3E John Langan

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two The Process: 4 Steps in a Nutshell clearly stated point or thesisDiscover a clearly stated point or thesis. logical, detailed supportProvide logical, detailed support for your thesis. Organize and connect Organize and connect your supporting material. Revise and edit Revise and edit so that your sentences are effective and error-free.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Prewriting Techniques Freewriting Questioning Making a List Diagramming Preparing a Scratch Outline

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Freewriting Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic.Write nonstop for ten minutes and jot down in rough sentences or phrases everything that comes to mind about a possible topic. There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans, in fact I am so annoyed by them the last thing I want is to write about them. Another thing that bothers me is noisy people at the movies. I used to love the movies….

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Freewriting Do not worry (yet) about spelling or punctuation. [...] There are lots of things I get annoyed by. One of them is politishans. [...]

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Questioning ??????????? Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject.Ask as many questions as you can think of about your subject. Why?Why? When?When? Where?Where? Who?Who? How?How? ?

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Making a List (aka “brainstorming”) Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject.Collect a list of ideas and details that relate to your subject. Do not worry about the order of the list.Do not worry about the order of the list. –Traffic is bad between my house and theatre –Noisy patrons –Don’t want to run into Jeremy –Hard to be on a diet

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Clustering (aka “diagramming” or “mapping”) Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper.Write your subject in the center of a blank sheet of paper. Jot down ideas and details around the subject.Jot down ideas and details around the subject. Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.Use lines, boxes, arrows and circles to show relationships among ideas and details.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Diagramming Movies Might see old boyfriend Noisy People Adults Coughing and sneezing Telling Plot Teenagers Showing off Yelling Too many people Line at box office Traffic getting to theater Temptations Popcorn Chocolate bars

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Preparing a Scratch Outline Think carefully about:Think carefully about: The point you are makingThe point you are making The supporting items for that pointThe supporting items for that point The order in which you will arrange those itemsThe order in which you will arrange those items

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Writing a First Draft Your Goals: State your main idea clearly.State your main idea clearly. Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.Develop the content of paper with plenty of specific details.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revision Set your draft aside for a while.Set your draft aside for a while. Work from typed or printed text.Work from typed or printed text. Read your draft aloud.Read your draft aloud. Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.Add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two 3 Stages to the Revising Process Revising contentRevising content Revising sentencesRevising sentences EditingEditing 3

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Content Unity Main ideaMain idea must be clearly stated in introductory paragraph. Supporting pointsSupporting points must back up main idea.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Content Support At least three separate points must support the main idea.At least three separate points must support the main idea. Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point.Plenty of specific evidence must be provided for each supporting point. Must have support...

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Sentences Useto balance words and ideas: Correct: The mugger jumped out and scared her. Incorrect: The mugger jumped out and scares her.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Sentences Keep voice and tense consistent. –Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then you dump it onto the floured work table and knead it into a smooth, shiny ball. Jean punched down the risen yeast dough in the bowl. Then she dumped it onto the floured work table and kneaded it into a smooth shiny ball.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Sentences Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.Avoid slang, clichés, pretentious language, and wordiness.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Sentences Use verbs. PassivePassive The car was crashed by me. ActiveActive I crashed the car. Forms of to be : isamarewaswerebeen

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Revising Sentences The truck was speeding. The truck was brown. The truck skidded on some ice. The truck almost hit a police officer. The police officer was startled. The police officer was young. The brown speeding truck startled the young police officer as it skidded on some ice and almost hit him.

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Editing – grammar – punctuation – spelling

English Brushup, 3E ©2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introduction: Part Two Let’s Take a Break! A lot information for a brief guide, isn’t there? Let’s take another break. Be sure to stick around for Part Three!