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2 Objectives  Describe how hydrogen may help improve public health  Describe the benefits to the environment  Explain how hydrogen may help stimulate the economy  Describe what energy security is and how using hydrogen can help attain it  Explain the future of hydrogen-powered vehicles  Explain the suggested actions to support hydrogen

3  Used in multiple ways  Produced from multiple sources  Energy security and independence  Air quality  Renewable possibilities Why Consider Hydrogen?

4 Advantages of Hydrogen  Created from water, can be recycled to produce more hydrogen  Cleanest fuel available when combusted  Leaks/spills will quickly evaporate and do not pose any threats to the environment  Domestic production will allow for energy independence Special Note: Producing hydrogen with renewable energy and using it in fuel cell vehicles holds the promise of virtually pollution-free transportation and independence from imported petroleum.

5 Figure 1: Hydrogen compared to conventional gasoline. Source: fueleconomy.gov.

6  Provides more energy than any conventional fuel  Can be refined from any substance that contains hydrogen  Betterment of health, environment, economy, energy security Hydrogen Benefits

7  Harmful emissions from combustion of fuels cause high pollution levels, smog  Combustion of hydrogen produces far fewer emissions than conventional fuels  Aftertreatment systems can help reduce some of the NO x emissions  Fuel cells Health Benefits

8 Did You Know? About half of the U.S. population lives in areas where air pollution levels are high enough to negatively impact public health. Source: AFDC.

9  Cleanest burning fuel available  Combustion does not release carbon dioxide  Carbon dioxide fuel is a GHG Environmental Benefits Figure 2: Hydrogen fuel cell bus. Source: NREL.

10  Domestic natural gas deposits can be used to create hydrogen  Domestic production, job creation, tax revenue  Fuel cell industry = $2.5 trillion by 2021 Economic Benefits

11 Did You Know? Hydrogen-powered fuel cells promise reliability of the U.S. electric power transmission grid by reducing system loads and bottlenecks. Source: DOE, Hydrogen Posture Plan.

12 Figure 3: Hydrogen incentives offered by state. Source: NREL.

13  Creation of 680,000 jobs by 2035  Offset demand for foreign oil  Research will create “Global Connectivity”  Domestic construction of plants, parts, equipment

14  About half of the oil consumed in the U.S. is imported  Hydrogen can be produced domestically  When used in efficient vehicles, hydrogen can help alleviate the need for foreign oil Energy Security Benefits

15 Figure 4: Potential electrical sources for hydrogen production. Source: NREL.

16  Development in U.S., Canada, Japan, England, Germany  First FCEVs became available in 2002 but only prototypes/leases available  Research to make hydrogen production economically viable  Supply infrastructure still needed Hydrogen – Today and Tomorrow

17 Figure 5: Hydrogen fueling stations to date. Source: AFDC.

18 The Future of Hydrogen  Global interest continues to grow  Prototypes from automotive manufacturers  Infrastructure and vehicle developments still required The Future of Fuel Cells  Fuel cell development = next step toward hydrogen economy  Extremely efficient, reduce emissions, replace fossil fuels

19 Figure 6: Future cost estimates for hydrogen fuels. Source: ANL.

20 Suggested Actions  Limited immediate actions  Restricted consumer lease options in Southern California  Heavy-duty applications available through government partnerships  Small-scale model applications for at-home use

21 Upon completing this material, can you:  Describe how hydrogen may help improve public health?  Describe the benefits to the environment?  Explain how hydrogen may help stimulate the economy?  Describe what energy security is and how using hydrogen can help attain it?  Explain the future of hydrogen-powered vehicles?  Explain the suggested actions to support hydrogen?

22 1. List two advantages of hydrogen. 2.True or False: Most current hydrogen fueled vehicles are prototypes, not available to the public. 3.True or False: Hydrogen may alleviate U.S. dependence on foreign oil. 4.True or False: The use of hydrogen in ICEs produces no emissions. Test Your Knowledge