NO BELLWORK TODAY! 1. List 3 reasons America declared war on Germany in 1917. 2. How did Britain and Germany use their navies during WWI? 3. Why did the.

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NO BELLWORK TODAY! 1. List 3 reasons America declared war on Germany in How did Britain and Germany use their navies during WWI? 3. Why did the Bolsheviks oppose the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? 4. How did America react to Russia’s withdrawal from WWI? 5. WWI created an increasing desire for independence in many countries; including Russia, Turkey, the Baltic states, Canada (still a commonwealth), etc. Why do you think this is? How would a world war create an aspiration for freedom? 6. THINKER: Towards the end of WWI, the Allied powers begin to discuss plans for post-war Europe. Based on what you know about Wilson’s personal views, what do you think he wants for Europe post-war?

End of WWI

Discussion 1. WWI created an increasing desire for independence in many countries; including Russia, Turkey, the Baltic states, Canada (still a commonwealth), etc. Why do you think this is? How could a war create an aspiration for freedom? 2. Towards the end of WWI, the Allied powers begin to discuss plans for post-war Europe. Based on what you know about Wilson’s personal views, what do you think he wants for Europe post-war?

German Advances (1915 & 1916)

SHOW INTERACTIVE MAP! Key Events of 1915 & 1916: Russian retreat Allies invade Ottoman Empire Armenian Genocide Italy joins Allies Stalemate on Western Front

What happened to Russia? Military starts to fail as soldiers stop fighting and join the revolution Russia cannot defend against German invasions Germany issues an ultimatum Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3, 1918; Russia makes peace with Central Powers; loses territory of Poland, Finland, and Baltic states. Effects: Economic downturn and worsening relations with Allied powers….. Why?

“The so-called Great Powers have long been exploiting and enslaving a whole number of small and weak nations. And the imperialist war is a war for the division and redivision of this kind of wealth.”

SHOW INTERACTIVE MAP! Key Events of 1917: Germany occupies countries in East US joins the war Russia begins to demobilize & negotiate end of war Revolts and Allied advances continue in Ottoman Empire Allied victories in the Balkans

Towards the End of War British blockade was starving Germany British began using tanks American convoy system shut down U-boat attacks Both sides fearful of revolutions in Europe Allied powers launch huge offensive on August 8, 1918 American troops continued to advance, not giving Germans time to regroup

U.S. Convoy System A convoy is a group of vehicles (usually motor vehicles or ships) traveling together for mutual support and protection.

Ending the War The Central Powers began to collapse under constant Allied attacks. Central Powers sign treaty with Russia Germany’s allies, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire made peace with the Allied Powers. Separate states began declaring their independence from Austria-Hungary.

End of WWI Germany surrenders - November 11, 1918 Germany’s leader steps down and establishes a provisional government

SHOW INTERACTIVE MAP! Include effects of war and death tolls

End of WWI

French soldiers being gassed

Were you paying attention? List five events that led to Germany’s surrender.

President Wilson Strives for Peace Fourteen Points: plan for post-war European Peace. Called for an end to alliances League of Nations: worldwide organization aimed at ensuring security and peace for all its members.

President Wilson strives for Peace You will now read President Wilson’s January 1918 address to Congress This speech was given during the negotiations at Brest-Litovsk, but 10 months before the actual German surrender. Outlines Wilson’s plans for post- war peace, including his 14 points Wilson and the American peace commissioners